2017年catti二級筆譯實務(wù)模擬題 完整版（第十三套）

　　【英譯漢】

　　We are fully aware that there are still quite a few problems in our economic development. For example, some state-owned enterprises are experiencing difficulties in production and business operation, which has led to increased unemployment and poor economic profits.

　　The reform of state-owned enterprises is considered the principle task of China’s current economic restructuring endeavor. It is proposed that within about three years, through reform, reorganization, upgrading and improved management, most of the large and medium-sized state owned loss-making enterprises should have been extricated from their predicament, and a modern enterprises system in the bulk of large and medium-sized state-owned hey enterprises should have been establishes initially by the end of the century.

　　The following constitutes the guidelines and basic tasks for the reform of state-owned enterprises: First, we should take the reform of state-owned enterprises as the pivotal point in economic restructuring, and strive to change their operating mechanism, with the establishment of a modern enterprises system as our orientation. Second, we should carry out a strategic reorganization of state-owned enterprises by learning to manage large enterprises well while relaxing control over small ones. Third, we should explore various forms for realizing public ownership. Fourth, we should combine our efforts to reform enterprises with efforts to reorganize, upgrade and exercise more effective management of them. Fifth, we should encourage mergers, standardize bankruptcy procedures, redirect laid-off workers, increase efficiency by reducing redundant staff and implement re-employment programs. Sixth, we should promote supportive reforms focusing on the establishment of a social security system.

　　In important industries and priority fields, the establishment of large enterprise groups should be encouraged in order to increase their competitiveness in both domestic and foreign markets. In boosting enterprise groups, we should persist in taking the market as our orientation, break departmental, regional and ownership barriers, and support association between strong enterprises so that they will take advantage of each other’s strengths. In accelerating the reorganization and readjustment of state-owned enterprises, we should encourage strong enterprises to merge with difficulty-ridden ones so as to make more efficient use of resources. We should declare bankrupt according to regulations those loss-making enterprises whose long-time difficult situation is unlikely to end. Government at all levels should be concerned about and support the effort of redirecting surplus employees of enterprises to improve business efficiency.

　　Reform will take place actively and steadily in matters concerning the establishment of the joint share system and the joint stock cooperative system. We shall corporatize large and medium-sized enterprises in a standard way where conditions permit, allowing some enterprises to be listed and issue stocks in accordance with market conditions. In the reform of enterprises, we shall overhaul their operational procedures, separate government functions from enterprise management, and delineate the rights and responsibilities of the state and enterprises. Meanwhile, we should improve the internal management system and prevent the devaluation of state assets. We should accelerate the pace of relaxing control over small state-owned enterprises and invigorating them by way of reorganization, association, merging, leasing, contract operation, the joint stock cooperative system and sell-off. We should make sure that the right to independent operation is delegated to small enterprises so that they can be responsible for their own profits and losses and adapt themselves to the market in a more flexible way.

　　The management of enterprises should change their outdated way of thinking so that production, operation and internal management can meet the needs of the market. At any time, importance must be attached to the work of speeding up technological progress and developing new products. We must readjust the product mix on a regular basis, improve marketing and after-sale services, reduce production cost and upgrade quality, so as to become stronger competitors in the market.

　　【參考譯文】

　　我們清楚地看到，我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展還存在不少問題。例如，一些國有企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營困難，下崗和失業(yè)人員增多，經(jīng)濟整體素質(zhì)和效益不高。

　　國有企業(yè)改革是當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟體制改革的重點。我們要用三年時間，通過改革、改組、改造和加強管理，使大多數(shù)國有大中型虧損企業(yè)擺脫困境，并在本世紀(jì)末使大多數(shù)國有大中型骨干企業(yè)初步建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度。

　　國有企業(yè)改革的指導(dǎo)思想和基本任務(wù)如下：第一，把國有企業(yè)改革作為經(jīng)濟體制改革的中心環(huán)節(jié)，以建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度為方向，切實轉(zhuǎn)換企業(yè)經(jīng)營機制。第二，“抓大放小”，對國有企業(yè)進行戰(zhàn)略性改組。第三，探索和發(fā)展公有制的多種實現(xiàn)形式。第四，把改革同改組、改造、加強管理結(jié)合起來。第五，鼓勵兼并、規(guī)范破產(chǎn)、下崗分流、減員增效和實施再就業(yè)工程。第六，推進以建立社會保障制度為重點的配套改革。

　　在一些重要行業(yè)和關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，鼓勵組建大型企業(yè)集團，增強在國內(nèi)外市場的競爭能力。發(fā)展企業(yè)集團要堅持以市場為導(dǎo)向，打破部門、地區(qū)和所有制的界限，支持強強聯(lián)合，實現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢互補。加快國有企業(yè)的改組和調(diào)整，鼓勵優(yōu)勢企業(yè)兼并困難企業(yè)，使資源得到有效利用。對長期虧損、扭虧無望的企業(yè)實施規(guī)范破產(chǎn)。各級政府要關(guān)心和支持分流企業(yè)富余人員、提高效益的工作。

　　要積極穩(wěn)妥地進行股份制和股份合作制的改革。對具備條件的大中型企業(yè)實行規(guī)范的公司制，根據(jù)市場情況，允許一些企業(yè)上市發(fā)行股票。企業(yè)改制要真正轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)營機制，實行政企分開，明確國家和企業(yè)的權(quán)利和責(zé)任，完善內(nèi)部管理制度，防止國有資產(chǎn)流失。要采取從改組、聯(lián)合、兼并、租賃、承包經(jīng)營和股份合作制、出售等形式，加快搞活國有小企業(yè)的步伐。要把經(jīng)營自主權(quán)真正放給企業(yè)，實行自負(fù)盈虧，使小企業(yè)能夠更加靈活地適應(yīng)市場。 考試網(wǎng)

　　企業(yè)管理部門要轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，使生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營和內(nèi)部管理適應(yīng)市場的要求。在任何時候都要重視加快技術(shù)進步和新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)。要不斷調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，加強市場營銷，改善售后服務(wù)，降低成本，提高質(zhì)量，增強競爭能力。

　　【漢譯英】

　　計劃生育和環(huán)境保護是我國的基本國策，也是提高人民生活質(zhì)量的重要條件。我們要重點抓好農(nóng)村和流動人口的計劃生育管理和服務(wù)，控制人口增長。我們要加強優(yōu)生優(yōu)育工作，通過人口素質(zhì)。

　　我們必須加強對耕地、水、樹林、草原、礦產(chǎn)、海洋、生物等資源的管理和保護，實行資源有償使用制度，促進資源的節(jié)約與合理利用。我們要嚴(yán)格控制和治理污染，加快重點地區(qū)和重點流域污染的治理，公布大城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量監(jiān)測指標(biāo)。

　　我國人口眾多，資源相對不足，經(jīng)濟規(guī)模越來越大，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源和環(huán)境的矛盾日益突出，粗放型的經(jīng)濟增長方式難以為繼。我們必須正確處理發(fā)展經(jīng)濟同人口、資源、環(huán)境的關(guān)系，合理開發(fā)和綜合利用資源。我們要努力保護和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，使經(jīng)濟發(fā)展既滿足當(dāng)代人的需要，又造福于子孫后代。

　　【參考譯文】

　　Family planning and environmental protection are China’s basic state policies and vital to improving the quality of people’s lives. We should concentrate our efforts on the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population so as to control population growth. We should improve prenatal and postnatal care and foster physical fitness among the population.

　　We must tighten control over and protection of arable land, water, forests, grasslands, and mineral, sea and biological resources. We should institute a system of paid use of natural resources to ensure economical and rational uses. We should strictly deal with and control pollution and speed up pollution treatment in major regions and river valley. We should publish standards for monitoring environmental quality in large cities.

　　A country with a large population, relative insufficiency of natural resources and an expanding economy, China suffers an increasingly significant disparity between economic development on the one hand and natural resources and the environment on the other. It poses problems if we continue to maintain a merely quantitative and crude mode of development in our economic growth. We, therefore, must correctly handle the relationships between economic development on the one hand, and population growth, natural resources consumption and the environmental protection on the other. We should exploit our natural resources more rationally and make use of them in an integrated manner. We should do our best to protect and improve our ecological environment, so as to ensure that our economic development will not only meet the current needs of this generation, but benefit future generations.