Passage 1

　　當(dāng)今世界，環(huán)境保護(hù)已成為各國(guó)政府和各界人士共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。過(guò)去10年，海平面升高和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的;生態(tài)惡化、物種滅絕、臭氧層被破壞、溫室效應(yīng)、酸雨、土地沙漠化等一系列問(wèn)題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到人類(lèi)的生存環(huán)境和身體健康。

　　參考答案1：Currently, environmental protection has become the common issue that concerns the governments of all the countries and people from all walks of life. During the past decade, sea level has risen and forests have been destroyed at an unprecedented rate. A series of problems, namely, the deterioration of the ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and desertification have posed a serious threat to people’s environment for survival as well as to their physical health.

　　參考答案2：Currently, environmental protection has become the common concern of the governments of all the countries and people from all walks of life. The past decade has witnessed /seen the unprecedented rise of sea level and deterioration of forests .The ecosystem has deteriorated, species have become extinct,the ozone layer has been damaged, there have been other problems such as greenhouse effect, acid rain and desertification, all of which have posed a serious threat to people’s environment for survival as well as to their physical health.

　　解題精析：(版權(quán)所有，轉(zhuǎn)載注明出處!)

　　對(duì)于“問(wèn)題”類(lèi)的文章，一開(kāi)始的導(dǎo)入句往往會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此，對(duì)于“成為……共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題”，除了按參考答案1那樣，用常規(guī)定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行翻譯以外，還不妨如參考答案2那樣，直接用concern進(jìn)行替代，因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)里，concern作為名詞有“關(guān)心的問(wèn)題”的意思，言簡(jiǎn)意賅。句子的第二個(gè)意群的特點(diǎn)是“多主句”，按參考答案1進(jìn)行直譯時(shí)，需注意“前所未有”形容詞為unprecedented,而這個(gè)詞并沒(méi)有副詞。因此在這里可用at a(n) adj. rate并將形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞使用。而按參考答案2處理時(shí)，可采用時(shí)間(點(diǎn)/段)+witness/see + adj. + n.的句型進(jìn)行處理，做到簡(jiǎn)而不失雅。最后一個(gè)意群的特點(diǎn)是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，可如參考答案1那樣，用常用結(jié)構(gòu)性語(yǔ)言 “a series of …, namely,…+v.”對(duì)并列部分進(jìn)行列示，但其局限性在于主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，如當(dāng)中專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)卡殼，最后可能無(wú)法來(lái)得及翻譯動(dòng)詞，并最終造成了“不成句”的譯文。因此，同學(xué)可參考參考答案2，將原來(lái)的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞并搶先構(gòu)架句子結(jié)構(gòu)，最后用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，相對(duì)而言更具實(shí)用性，這也是長(zhǎng)句常用的“分句法”。除此以外，對(duì)于與問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重性有關(guān)的單詞或詞組，如“滅絕”、“破壞”、“惡化”、“嚴(yán)重影響”等，都需考生熟練掌握及運(yùn)用。

　　從國(guó)情出發(fā)，中國(guó)在全面推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化的過(guò)程中，將環(huán)境保護(hù)視為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，將實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展視為一項(xiàng)重要戰(zhàn)略，同時(shí)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開(kāi)展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)活動(dòng)。

　　參考答案1：Proceeding from our national condition, China, in the process of modernization, regards environmental protection as a basic state policy, and realizing sustainable economic development as an important strategy. In the meantime, China has launched a nationwide campaign for the prevention and treatment of pollution as well as the protection of ecological environment.

　　參考答案2：Based on our national condition, China, in the process of modernization, regards environmental protection as a basic state policy, and realizing sustainable economic development as an important strategy. In the meantime, China has prevented and treated pollution as well as protected ecological environment in a nationwide drive.

　　解題精析：(版權(quán)所有，轉(zhuǎn)載注明出處!)

　　對(duì)于這句模塊句子可以一題雙解。首先的開(kāi)頭詞“從……出發(fā)”是一個(gè)比較典型的導(dǎo)入方式，學(xué)生可如參考答案1一樣，用proceeding from進(jìn)行開(kāi)頭，也可如參考答案2一樣，采用繞譯法，繞譯為based on (以……為基礎(chǔ))，做到殊途同歸。接下去的第一大意群中，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，核心句型是“將……視為……”,并且這個(gè)句型出現(xiàn)了兩次。因此，考生可按照減詞法“介詞拖后”原則，用 regard … as …,and … as…的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化;對(duì)于最后一個(gè)意群，其核心動(dòng)詞是“開(kāi)展 n.……的工作/活動(dòng)”，這是典型的引導(dǎo)解決措施的詞組結(jié)構(gòu)，其正式譯法可如參考答案1一樣，譯為launch a (adj.) campaign for/against;但在口譯中，也不妨省略“開(kāi)展”，將其后面的名詞，如“污染防治”、 “生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)”直接轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，請(qǐng)注意參考答案2中的斜體字部分，而對(duì)于“在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)”，則可用 in a(n) adj. drive,將其轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞詞性。這種轉(zhuǎn)性法的活用，考生需平時(shí)苦練，方能在考場(chǎng)上游刃有余。

　　Passage 2

　　值此辭舊迎新的美好時(shí)刻，我很高興通過(guò)中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)、中央人民廣播電臺(tái)、中央電視臺(tái)，向全國(guó) 各族人民，向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，向世界各國(guó)的朋友們，致以新年的祝福!

　　參考答案1：At this beautiful moment of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new, via China Radio International, China National Radio and China Central Television, I'm delighted to extend New Year wishes to Chinese of all ethnic groups, to compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, to overseas Chinese and to friends all over the world!

　　參考答案2：At this beautiful moment of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new, , I'm delighted to extend New Year wishes to Chinese of all ethnic groups, to compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, to overseas Chinese and to friends all over the world via China Radio International, China National Radio and China Central Television!

　　解題精析：這句句子是非常典型的禮儀致辭的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白，屬于“表心情”的一類(lèi)，而模板結(jié)構(gòu)往往是“我很高興……”等等。這里， “高興”用“delighted”要正式于 “happy,glad”等詞，而“表達(dá)”用 “extend”也要正式于“express”等詞。參考答案1采用了順句驅(qū)動(dòng)的譯法，在同聲口譯中適用，但在交替?zhèn)髯g中，via結(jié)構(gòu)并非句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因此很容易造成“不成句”的問(wèn)題。因此，參考答案2抓住了主干，采用了轉(zhuǎn)序譯法，將 “ I am delighted to…”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)提前，從而快速構(gòu)建句子結(jié)構(gòu)。但這種譯法在同聲傳譯中又會(huì)使譯者前后顛倒，徹底崩潰。因此，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境，選擇相應(yīng)的譯法也是考生需要培養(yǎng)的應(yīng)變能力。

　　借此機(jī)會(huì)，我愿重申，中國(guó)將始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路，始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，積極發(fā)展同世界各國(guó)的交流合作，積極參與國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的努力，致力于促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、促進(jìn)人類(lèi)文明進(jìn)步，繼續(xù)同世界各國(guó)一道推動(dòng)建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

　　參考答案1：I would like to take this opportunity to reaffirm that China will unswervingly take the road of peaceful development and implement a strategy of opening up for mutual benefit, actively develop exchanges and cooperation with countries from around the world, actively participate in efforts by the international community to meet the global financial crisis, strive to promote world economic growth and the progress of human civilization, continue to work with other countries to build a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity.

　　參考答案2：I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to reaffirm that China will unswervingly take the road of peaceful development and implement a strategy of opening up for mutual benefit, actively exchange and cooperate with countries from around the world, actively make joint efforts with the international community to meet the global financial crisis, strive to promote world economic growth and the progress of human civilization, continue to work with other countries to build a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity.

　　解題精析：

　　這句句子首先是典型的禮儀致辭句，因此對(duì)于“借此機(jī)會(huì)，我……”這樣的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，考生可以按照參考答案1，用 “I would like to take this opportunity to…”的結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭，而考慮到這里的語(yǔ)境是胡錦濤主席面對(duì)全國(guó)人民的致辭，因此用“I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to…”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)則更為正式。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是 “avail oneself of”這種反身代詞的用法，如出現(xiàn)“他借此機(jī)會(huì)”，則只需改為 “avail himself of”就可以了。接下去句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)“矢志不渝”，對(duì)這個(gè)高頻的結(jié)構(gòu)往往用“unswervingly +動(dòng)詞”進(jìn)行連接，連接的內(nèi)容有“奉行”、“堅(jiān)持”等等，這類(lèi)詞前面已詳細(xì)講解，此處不再贅述。后面意群中難點(diǎn)在于“發(fā)展同……的交流合作”這種結(jié)構(gòu)，除了參考答案1這樣直譯以外，在口譯環(huán)境中，建議考生省略“發(fā)展”，將后面的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，即“同......交流合作”就可以了。類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)還有“進(jìn)行……+名詞”等等。而對(duì)于“參與……的努力”，如無(wú)法如參考答案1那樣直譯，不妨另辟蹊徑。是不是覺(jué)得這種結(jié)構(gòu)和問(wèn)題類(lèi)模塊句特別像呢?因此轉(zhuǎn)化為“共同努力”(make joint efforts)也是一種很務(wù)實(shí)的解法。