2014年6月11日，中共中央政治局常委劉云山訪問(wèn)丹麥期間，參加了“歐洲學(xué)者眼中的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨國(guó)際研討會(huì)”并發(fā)言，主辦方是丹麥哥本哈根商學(xué)院和中國(guó)當(dāng)代世界研究中心。李世默在研討會(huì)上做了題為“從全球視角看中國(guó)研究的新動(dòng)向和中共形象的新變化”的發(fā)言。

　　譯文出自：(以下版本稍有調(diào)整，僅供參考)

　　現(xiàn)代西方的中國(guó)學(xué)研究大致經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)代際的變化。第一代是歷史主義流派，第二代是意識(shí)形態(tài)流派。當(dāng)代西方對(duì)中國(guó)的認(rèn)知，不論是學(xué)術(shù)界或大眾媒體，都深受這兩大代際流派的影響。

　　In the modern era, Chinese studies in the West have gone through two main generations: the generation of the historic school and the generation of the ideological school. Contemporary Western perceptions and understanding of China, in both the academic world and popular press, have been informed by the methods and aims of these two schools.

　　現(xiàn)代中國(guó)學(xué)研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世紀(jì)初。他們用歷史主義的語(yǔ)境研究中國(guó)，研究方法深受傳統(tǒng)文化影響，研究領(lǐng)域涵蓋了中國(guó)的政治、歷史、社會(huì)狀況和中國(guó)歷史上重要的領(lǐng)袖人物。

　　The first generation has guided the world’s understanding of China since the early 20th century. They seek to study China in a historical context. Their methods are deeply cultural. Their studies encompass China’s politics, historical and social conditions, and the personalities who drove China’s history.

　　中國(guó)學(xué)的第二代，始于1989年，在后冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)代的意識(shí)形態(tài)狂熱中誕生。這一時(shí)期的研究，陷入自由民主或?qū)Ｖ篇?dú)裁的意識(shí)形態(tài)兩元對(duì)立。在研究取向上，強(qiáng)調(diào)政治立場(chǎng)先行和意識(shí)形態(tài)掛帥，目的只有一個(gè)，即證明中國(guó)的政治制度必 崩潰�？上�，這一代流派的研究一再被中國(guó)成功發(fā)展的事實(shí)證偽，備受質(zhì)疑。

　　The second generation materialized after 1989 in the context of the post Cold War ideological fervor. The entire school was defined by the ideological dichotomy between liberal democracy and authoritarianism. The aim of their studies carried an overtly political and ideological agenda - to prove the Chinese political system is on an inevitable course towards eventual collapse. This school has been largely discredited by facts on the ground and their impact on the future will be limited at best.

　　第三代中國(guó)學(xué)發(fā)端于新的形勢(shì)背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。這一代流派的演進(jìn)，將推動(dòng)中國(guó)學(xué)從基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型，并使世界對(duì)中國(guó)的認(rèn)知產(chǎn)生決定性影響。這對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨來(lái)說(shuō)意義深遠(yuǎn)，作為中國(guó)政治治理模式的核 。

　　A third generation is emerging. This new generation is approaching China with new methods and different aims within different contexts. This development has placed the fundamental frameworks of Chinese studies in transition. How this evolves will have decisive impacts on the world’s interpretations of China.

　　最近幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)全方位快 崛起，全球政治、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的頂 人士，紛紛聚焦中國(guó)，希望探究這一歷史重大事件的深遠(yuǎn)含義。這個(gè)群體不再象前兩代那樣限于中國(guó)通，而是來(lái)自各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

　　With the dramatic rise of China in all aspects of its national power in recent decades, some of the brightest minds in political science, history, and economics are beginning to examine closely what it all really means. Many of them are no longer China experts but generalists.

　　一個(gè)趨向可以稱為實(shí)證派，即以收集客觀數(shù)據(jù)為基本研究方法，從歷史和現(xiàn)在的角度客觀分析中國(guó)的治理模式。

　　A much more interesting emerging trend is the empirical school. In this approach, the methods center around empirical data and the aim is the objective understanding of Chinese governance in both historic and contemporary contexts.

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