北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)全面建成
背景介紹：
今年6月23日，第55號北斗衛(wèi)星(即最后一顆北斗三號衛(wèi)星)順利升空，為中國北斗衛(wèi)星全球?qū)Ш较到y(tǒng)拼上了最后一塊拼圖。北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)也成為繼美國全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)、俄羅斯格洛納斯導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GLONASS)、歐洲伽利略導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(Galileo)之后的第四大全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。
China’s home-grown satnav system will soonbe fully functional
中國自主研發(fā)的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)即將全面投入使用
Thirty-five thousand kilometres above theisland of Borneo, the final piece of a Chinese infrastructure project isfloating into place. The satellite is the last to join the BeiDou navigationsystem, which has taken nearly 30 years to develop and build.
在婆羅洲島上空3.5萬公里處，中國一項基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目的最后一塊拼圖即將拼上。北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)建設(shè)歷時30余載，這將是加入北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的最后一顆衛(wèi)星。
The state-owned firm that launched it fromSichuan province on June 23rd says the network of BeiDou satellites willfunction fully around the end of July. China sees this as a moment of triumph.It marks the end of the country’s dependence on America for provision of avital service: location data.
6月23日，該衛(wèi)星從四川順利升空，負(fù)責(zé)該項目的國有企業(yè)表示，北斗衛(wèi)星網(wǎng)絡(luò)將于今年7月底全面投入使用。這也被中國視為一個偉大的時刻，它標(biāo)志著中國將不再依賴一直以來由美國所提供的一項重要的服務(wù)：位置數(shù)據(jù)。
Satellite-navigation systems work on asimple principle. Each spacecraft uses radio waves to beam the time and itsposition to Earth. Devices that receive simultaneous transmissions from threeor more satellites can use tiny differences in these signals to work out wherethe user is.
衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的工作原理很簡單。每顆衛(wèi)星都通過無線電波向地球發(fā)送時間及位置信息，接收到3顆或3顆以上衛(wèi)星信號的設(shè)備可以利用信號間的細(xì)微差別確定用戶所在的位置。
All location satellites broadcast timingdata on the same frequencies, so that a location device could, in theory, lockon to whichever satellites provide the best signal, regardless of whether theybelong to America’s Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia’s GLONASS, Europe’sGalileo or China’s BeiDou.
所有定位衛(wèi)星都以相同的頻率發(fā)送定時數(shù)據(jù)，因此從理論上來說，定位設(shè)備可以鎖定提供最佳信號的衛(wèi)星，無論它們屬于美國的全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)、俄羅斯的格洛納斯導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GLONASS)、歐洲的伽利略導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(Galileo)還是中國的北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(BeiDou)。
Work on BeiDou began in 1993 and hasinvolved three phases. The first two provided coverage in China and then acrossthe rest of the Asia-Pacific region. As was the case with GPS, building it hasfocused on military applications.
北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)始于1993年，共分為三個階段。在前兩個階段，先是覆蓋了中國，而后覆蓋了整個亞太地區(qū)。和GPS一樣，北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的重點在于軍事應(yīng)用方面。
When the second phase was being tested in2013, the Chinese navy relied on BeiDou data during exercises in the SouthChina Sea, according to state media. The third phase provides global coverage.It also affords more accuracy, and allows users to send short text messages anddistress signals.
據(jù)官方媒體報道稱，在2013年進行第二階段測試時，中國海軍在南海演習(xí)中便使用了北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)所提供的數(shù)據(jù)。在第三階段，北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)將覆蓋全球。它將提供比其他系統(tǒng)更準(zhǔn)確的位置信息，并且用戶還可以通過該系統(tǒng)發(fā)生短信和求救信號。
The completion of BeiDou not onlyeliminates dependency on America. It also puts China ahead technologically.BeiDou’s satellites are more advanced than those of GPS. In the Asia-Pacific,BeiDou claims accuracy to 10cm, compared with 30cm offered by GPS.
北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的建成不僅消除了中國對美國的依賴，還使中國在技術(shù)上取得了領(lǐng)先的地位。北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)比GPS更為先進。在亞太地區(qū)，北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的精度號稱可達10厘米，而GPS則為30厘米。
America began upgrading its system in 1997with the deployment of a new generation of satellites known as GPS-3 in 1997.It may take another 15 years to complete this roll-out. China took just fiveyears to finish installing its latest batch of 30 BeiDou satellites, which usetechnology as advanced as GPS-3.
美國從1997年開始對GPS系統(tǒng)進行升級，部署新一代衛(wèi)星GPS-3，全部完成部署可能還需要15年。而中國僅用5年的時間便完成了最新一批30顆北斗衛(wèi)星的部署，其所使用的技術(shù)比肩GPS-3。
注：雙語全文源自經(jīng)濟學(xué)人
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