Constitutional Crises Bring Attention to European Monarchs

憲法危機(jī)引發(fā)人們對(duì)歐洲君主的關(guān)注

　　For most of the last 100 years, Europe’s royalty have mainly been known for big weddings and newspaper gossip. Now, that might be changing.

　　在過去的一百多年里，歐洲王室成員主要以大型婚禮和報(bào)紙八卦而聞名于世�，F(xiàn)在，這可能正在發(fā)生變化。

　　Spain’s King Felipe VI used his power to denounce Catalonian separatism. He called the leaders of the 2017 popular vote for independence from Spain criminals. He also said it was his constitutional duty to save national unity.

　　西班牙國(guó)王費(fèi)利佩六世動(dòng)用了他的影響力譴責(zé)加泰羅尼亞的分離主義。他稱2017年加泰羅尼亞獨(dú)立公投的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是罪犯。他還表示，維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一是他的憲法責(zé)任。

　　Recently, the British media has wondered if Queen Elizabeth II will be called upon to end a possible constitutional crisis. It could involve Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s plans to withdraw Britain from the European Union on October 31. Johnson said he will move forward with “Brexit” even if there is no official agreement with the EU.

　　最近，英國(guó)媒體很想知道英國(guó)女王伊麗莎白二世是否會(huì)被要求終止一項(xiàng)潛在的憲法危機(jī)。這可能涉及到英國(guó)首相鮑里斯·約翰遜計(jì)劃于10月31日退出歐盟。約翰遜表示，即便未同歐盟達(dá)成正式協(xié)議，他也將推進(jìn)英國(guó)脫歐。

　　Monarchs Face Political Crises, And Risks

　　君主面臨政治危機(jī)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

　　The two royal heads of state would appear to have little in common.

　　這兩位王室領(lǐng)導(dǎo)似乎沒有什么共同之處。

　　Elizabeth II has been Queen for 67 years. Felipe became King just five years ago after the abdication of his father, King Juan Carlos, who was restored to the throne by dictator Francisco Franco in 1969.

　　伊麗莎白二世已經(jīng)在女王位置上坐了67年。費(fèi)利佩于5年前在他的父親胡安·卡洛斯退位后成為了西班牙國(guó)王。卡洛斯于1969年被獨(dú)裁者弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥恢復(fù)王位。

　　They are relatives through Queen Victoria, who ruled the British Empire in the 1800s.

　　他們都是曾于19世紀(jì)統(tǒng)治大英帝國(guó)的維多利亞女王的親屬。

　　Political science professor William Ogilvie de la Vega of Franciso Marroquin University in Madrid said that both rulers are being asked to make political decisions. He said the reason is because elected politicians seem to be unable to do their jobs.

　　馬德里Franciso Marroquin大學(xué)的政治學(xué)教授威廉·奧格爾維·德拉維加表示，這兩位統(tǒng)治者都被要求做出政治決定。他說原因是當(dāng)選的政治家似乎無法勝任其職。

　　The two monarchs remain as constitutional heads of state. They hold what former Spanish ambassador to Britain Federico Trillo-Figueroa describes as “sleeping powers.”

　　這兩位君主仍然是國(guó)家憲法意義上的元首。他們掌握了前西班牙駐英國(guó)大使費(fèi)德里科·特里洛-菲格羅亞所說的“未覺醒的權(quán)力�！�

　　Queen Elizabeth II has the power to start and end parliament and to sign legislation into law. She exercises those powers only at the request of the prime minister.

　　英國(guó)女王伊麗莎白二世有權(quán)啟動(dòng)和解散議會(huì)，以及將立法簽署為法律。她只是應(yīng)英國(guó)首相要求行使這些權(quán)力。

　　These powers “are normally exercised in an invisible way” Trillo-Figueroa told VOA.

　　特里洛-菲格羅亞對(duì)美國(guó)之音表示，(君主們)“通常是以無形的方式行使”這些權(quán)力。

　　But stepping into politics can cause problems.

　　但是涉足政治可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致問題。

　　Queen Elizabeth II has the power to refuse Johnson’s request to suspend parliament’s session if ministers try to stop Britain’s EU withdrawal without an agreement. However, she would risk angering the most traditional parts of British society – and many of them voted to leave the EU in a 2015 popular vote. Officials at Buckingham Palace, the home of British monarchs, has said that the “will of parliament should be respected.”

　　如果內(nèi)閣部長(zhǎng)們?cè)噲D阻止英國(guó)無協(xié)議脫歐，約翰遜會(huì)提請(qǐng)女王暫停議會(huì)，伊麗莎白二世有權(quán)拒絕約翰遜的這一請(qǐng)求。然而她要冒著激怒英國(guó)社會(huì)最傳統(tǒng)勢(shì)力的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，他們中的大多數(shù)人在2015年公投中投票支持英國(guó)脫歐。英國(guó)王室所在的白金漢宮的官員表示：“議會(huì)的意愿應(yīng)該得到尊重。”

　　A top supporter of Brexit, Nigel Farage, then released an attack on the royal family.

　　英國(guó)脫歐的一位高層支持者奈杰爾·法拉格隨后對(duì)王室發(fā)表了攻擊言論。

　　King Felipe similarly earned the anger of Catalan nationalists by openly supporting the federal government’s direct rule over Catalonia. Barcelona Mayor Ada Colau opposes Catalan independence, but she stays away from the king when he comes to Spain’s second largest city. Felipe is usually met with protests in the Catalan capital.

　　費(fèi)利佩國(guó)王公開支持聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)加泰羅尼亞的直接統(tǒng)治同樣招來了加泰羅尼亞民族主義者的憤怒。巴塞羅那市長(zhǎng)阿達(dá)·科洛反對(duì)加泰羅尼亞獨(dú)立，但是當(dāng)費(fèi)利佩國(guó)王來到了巴塞羅那這座西班牙第二大城市時(shí)，她與國(guó)王保持了距離。費(fèi)利佩在加泰羅尼亞首府巴塞羅那通常會(huì)遇到抗議。

　　The newspaper El Mundo reported that former Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy advised against a royal televised speech during the crisis in Catalonia. In the speech, Felipe accused Catalan officials of acting with unacceptable “disloyalty,” before the government officially charged them with sedition and rebellion.

　　《西班牙世界報(bào)》報(bào)道稱，前首相馬里亞諾·拉霍伊不贊成王室在加泰羅尼亞危機(jī)期間的一次電視講話。在西班牙政府正式指控加泰羅尼亞官員煽動(dòng)叛亂之前，費(fèi)利佩國(guó)王就在這次講話中指責(zé)他們采取了令人無法接受的不忠行為。

　　But Raquel Casviner Cañellas of the Catalan Civic Union said the king needed to speak to Spanish unionists who felt that the central government had been too weak.

　　但是加泰羅尼亞公民聯(lián)盟的拉奎爾·卡斯維納·卡納拉斯表示，國(guó)王需要與西班牙統(tǒng)一主義者對(duì)話，他們認(rèn)為中央政府過于軟弱。

　　Felipe’s father, Juan Carlos, helped the country move to democracy after the death of Franco. He later helped stop an attempt by the military in 1981 to seize power.

　　費(fèi)利佩的父親卡洛斯在佛朗哥去世后幫助西班牙走向了民主。他隨后還協(xié)助阻止了1981年軍方試圖奪權(quán)政權(quán)的企圖。

　　The younger generations of royals also seem to be more interested in politics. Prince Harry’s wife Meghan Markle, Duchess of Sussex, has been criticized for her political opinions in a coming article she edited for British Vogue, titled “Fifteen forces for change.”

　　年輕一代的王室成員似乎對(duì)政治更感興趣。哈里王子的妻子、蘇塞克斯公爵夫人梅森·馬克爾為英國(guó)《時(shí)尚》雜志編輯了一篇題為《15種變革力量》的文章，她在這篇即將發(fā)表的文章中表現(xiàn)出來的政治觀點(diǎn)就受到了批評(píng)。

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