2019年翻譯資格筆譯高級考試模擬試題：缺乏社會責(zé)任感的企業(yè)無處藏身
漢譯英
缺乏社會責(zé)任感的企業(yè)無處藏身
食品行業(yè)因?qū)е路逝侄鴤涫苤肛?zé)。手機運營商面臨如何保護青少年免遭網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵害的挑戰(zhàn)。
唱片公司因起訴在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上分享非法文檔的音樂愛好者而遭受抨擊。
大企業(yè)紛紛被要求解釋它們應(yīng)對越來越多的社會、道德和環(huán)境問題的措施。
美國的一家名為‚企業(yè)社會責(zé)任(BSR)‛的非盈利性咨詢機構(gòu)的首席執(zhí)行官鮑勃·鄧恩說，‚企業(yè)對于BSR所提供的幫助的需求，現(xiàn)在達到了BSR成立九年以來的最高峰。‛向BSR繳納年費的會員包括許多世界的跨國公司。
微軟、朗訊和聯(lián)合技術(shù)和奧馳亞于今年都加入了BSR。作為卡夫食品和煙草巨頭菲利浦·莫里斯的母公司，奧馳亞集團一直是壓力團體和民事訴訟的重點對象。
一些一直成功地躲避了聚光燈的行業(yè)現(xiàn)在也發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正成為注意的焦點。社會活動人士已經(jīng)開始關(guān)注一些計算機和通訊公司在加工廠里的工作條件。
金融行業(yè)因為給一些國家有爭議的項目提供貸款而感到壓力。六月份，一些銀行，包括花旗銀行，巴克萊銀行和荷蘭銀行，紛紛承諾不為有社會和環(huán)境問題的項目提供貸款。
今年，一些石油和礦業(yè)集團正受到來自于投資者、社會活動分子和英國政府組成的聯(lián)盟的巨大壓力，它們被要求公開其在一些國家的付款情況，其目的在于打擊腐敗。
與此同時，世界上一些最知名的鞋和服裝品牌，包括李維·史特勞斯、耐克和銳步等，已經(jīng)通過美國公平勞工協(xié)會主動采取措施增加其供應(yīng)鏈的透明度。
他們在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上公布了第一批針對其供應(yīng)廠商的獨立審計報告，同時還公布了旨在改善低劣勞動標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的措施。
企業(yè)在其聲譽面臨現(xiàn)實的或潛在的威脅時通常會采取行動，卡夫七月份宣布減少其食品中的脂肪和糖的含量，限制每份食品的大小，停止在學(xué)校進行營銷活動。
一場針對卡夫食品中的脂肪酸過量的訴訟，在卡夫宣布將解決這個問題后很快就撤訴了。
但是，也有一些公司主動采取這方面的行動，他們意識到這樣做能提高其競爭力。據(jù)鄧恩說，尋求競爭優(yōu)勢是俄國、波蘭、土耳其和南非等國家的一些公司開始熱衷于企業(yè)社會責(zé)任的一個重要因素。
在英國，發(fā)布社會和環(huán)境報告的企業(yè)數(shù)量在過去的兩年中大幅飚升，也折射出這個趨勢。據(jù)英國的兩個著名的咨詢機構(gòu)SalterBaxter和Context于本月發(fā)表的一份題為‚方向‛的研究報告稱，半數(shù)以上的富時250指數(shù)公司都發(fā)布這樣的年度報告。
有些行業(yè)，包括賓館業(yè)、休閑業(yè)以及軟件和計算機服務(wù)業(yè)，依然在遮遮掩掩。然而，隨著投資者的關(guān)注、政府的監(jiān)管和來自同行的壓力形成了要求披露更多信息合力，這些行業(yè)正淪為數(shù)量越來越小的少數(shù)派。
十多年前，當(dāng)?shù)谝环莘秦攧?wù)性企業(yè)報表發(fā)布時，它的重點是環(huán)境問題�，F(xiàn)在，在富時250指數(shù)公司中，有100家的報告均涉及環(huán)保、社會和道德問題。歐洲最大的50家公司中的40家也發(fā)布這樣的報告。
然而，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在美國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾評級中最大的50家公司中只有22家發(fā)布這類報告。但是，僅僅依靠公司自發(fā)的行動能取得多大成就?政府應(yīng)該承擔(dān)怎樣的角色?消費者能否實現(xiàn)如意算盤，既對企業(yè)提出如此高的要求，又不改變自身的生活方式?
參考譯文
The food industry is blamed for obesity. Mobile phone operators are challenged to protect teenagers from online pornography.
Record companies are attacked when they sue music-lovers for sharing illegal files on the internet.
Big business is being asked to explain its approach to a growing number of social, ethical and environmental concerns.
“we’re facing the greatest demand for our assistance that we’ve seen in our nine-year history,” says Bob Dunn, chief
Microsoft, Lucent and United Technologies have joined BSR this year, as well as Altria, a more obvious target for pressure groups and litigation, as the parent company of both Kraft Foods and Philip Morris.
Industries that until now had avoided the spotlight are finding attention is now focusing on them. Campaigners are beginning to show interest in working conditions in factories that make equipment for computer and telecommunications companies.
The financial sector has come under pressure over lending to controversial projects in some countries. In June, a group of leading banks, including Citigroup, Barclays and ABN Amro, promised to avoid giving loans for socially or environmentally questionable projects.
Oil and mining groups have come under strong pressure this year from a coalition of investors, activists and the UK government to make public their payments to some countries in an effort to fight corruption.
Some of the world’s biggest footwear and clothing brands, including Levi Strauss, Nike and Reebok, have meanwhile taken voluntary measures through the US Fair Labor Association to increase the transparency of their supply chain.
They published on the internet the first independent audits of their supplier factories, along with the steps taken to improve often terrible labour standards.
Companies usually take action when they face a real or potential threat to their reputation, as when Kraft announced in July it would cut fat and sugar in its food, limit portion sizes and stop marketing in schools.
A lawsuit against Kraft over fatty acids was rapidly withdrawn after it said it would address the issue.
a few companies are, however, taking a lead because they believe it will give them a competitive edge. Mr. Dunn says the search for competitive advantage is one factor creating interest in corporate responsibility among companies in countries such as Russia, Poland, Turkey and South Africa.
In the UK, the trend is also reflected in the sharp rise in social and environmental reporting over the past two years. More than half the FTSE250 companies now produce annual reports , according to Directions, a study published this month by SalterBaxter and Context, two well-known UK consultancies.
Some sectors remain secretive, including hotels and leisure, and software and computer services. But they form a decreasing minority as investor interest, regulation and peer pressure combine to force greater disclosure.
When the first nonfinancial reports came out more than a decade ago, they focused on the environment, social and ethical issues. Forty of the fifty largest European companies also produce reports.
In the US, however, only 22 of the S&P top 50 reported, the study found. But how much can companies be expe4cted to achieve on their own? What is the role of government? Can consumers have it all, demanding such high standards of companies while refusing to change their lifestyle?
