2018年翻譯資格考試英語(yǔ)筆譯高級(jí)模擬題：中國(guó)

　　漢譯英

　　中國(guó)作為后發(fā)現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家，極其需要借鑒國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)。同時(shí)，在和平崛起進(jìn)程中，中國(guó)又要以自己為主，來(lái)關(guān)注和解決自己的問(wèn)題。這就是說(shuō)，中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化一定要有中國(guó)特色。

　　比如，在農(nóng)業(yè)問(wèn)題上，中國(guó)將努力走出一條新的節(jié)約型道路，即有中國(guó)特色的節(jié)約方式�，F(xiàn)在美國(guó)人均年消費(fèi)石油 25 桶，而中國(guó)人均消費(fèi)不到 1 桶半。如果中國(guó)人不顧自己的條件，異想天開(kāi)想做起“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”，那我們對(duì)能源急切需求就會(huì)給自己，同事也會(huì)給人類帶來(lái)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)和無(wú)盡的麻煩。又比如，在農(nóng)村富余勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移上，我們將逐步走出一條中國(guó)特色的城市化道路。

　　目前，中國(guó)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力有 5 億多人，今后 20 年大約有兩億多人要轉(zhuǎn)移出來(lái)，在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，中國(guó)人不能做“歐洲夢(mèng)”。歐洲在近代歷史上，總共有 6000 多萬(wàn)人走到世界各地，到處建立殖民地，改變了世界版圖。21 世紀(jì)上半葉的中國(guó)人，只能在自己的國(guó)土上，通過(guò)城市和農(nóng)村的精心協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，通過(guò)引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村富余勞動(dòng)力在不喪失土地的條件下，在城鄉(xiāng)之間有序流動(dòng)，來(lái)解決這個(gè)世界級(jí)的大難題。

　　隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，內(nèi)地企業(yè)必須加快攫取世界偏遠(yuǎn)角落的石油及其它資源。目前，駐外的中國(guó)工人已達(dá)到近一百萬(wàn)人。

　　單單去年，到國(guó)外經(jīng)商、旅游或留學(xué)的內(nèi)地人預(yù)計(jì)已從2010年的6000萬(wàn)人次增加到7500萬(wàn)人次。

　　這意味著在利比亞發(fā)生的情況將一再發(fā)生：有更多中國(guó)人在陷入動(dòng)蕩的國(guó)家滯留或遭綁架。因此，內(nèi)地當(dāng)局必須有良好的協(xié)調(diào)、精心的規(guī)劃和快速的應(yīng)變機(jī)制。

　　許多海外媒體自然大肆渲染最新的綁架事件，稱這是中國(guó)為攫取中東及非洲國(guó)家豐富資源所付出的代價(jià)。這些地區(qū)政治不穩(wěn)定，西方公司一般都避之則吉。一些外國(guó)人甚至指責(zé)中國(guó)實(shí)行新殖民主義，觸發(fā)當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬粷M，致令中國(guó)工人成為襲擊目標(biāo)。

　　但內(nèi)地官方有自己的理由來(lái)反駁這些批評(píng)。一家國(guó)有大公司在非洲有大規(guī)模投資，其一名高管私下表示他們也別無(wú)選擇。他指出，公司樂(lè)意到歐美等政治穩(wěn)定的國(guó)家擴(kuò)張業(yè)務(wù)，但那些地區(qū)的保護(hù)主義壁壘較高，市場(chǎng)又已被西方跨國(guó)公司占據(jù)。

　　隨著內(nèi)地企業(yè)繼續(xù)在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)擴(kuò)張，尋找能源和商機(jī)，中央政府也面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)：中國(guó)一直實(shí)行不干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政等低調(diào)外交政策，但這個(gè)政策現(xiàn)在可能要改變，同時(shí)又不能引發(fā)外國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事影響力擴(kuò)張的憂慮。

　　當(dāng)今世界正面臨前所未有之大變局，當(dāng)代中國(guó)正處于改革發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段。中國(guó)人民在為實(shí)現(xiàn)民族偉大復(fù)興中國(guó)夢(mèng)的奮斗中，希望同世界各國(guó)一道共護(hù)和平、共謀發(fā)展、共享繁榮。

　　中國(guó)同世界的命運(yùn)緊密相連、息息相關(guān)，世界繁榮穩(wěn)定是中國(guó)的機(jī)遇，中國(guó)和平發(fā)展也是世界的機(jī)遇。中國(guó)將始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路，奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策和防御性國(guó)防政策，反對(duì)各種形式的霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸，永遠(yuǎn)不搞擴(kuò)張。中國(guó)軍隊(duì)始終是維護(hù)世界和平的堅(jiān)定力量。

　　建設(shè)鞏固國(guó)防和強(qiáng)大軍隊(duì)是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，是國(guó)家和平發(fā)展的安全保障。軍事戰(zhàn)略是籌劃和指導(dǎo)軍事力量建設(shè)和運(yùn)用的總方略，服從服務(wù)于國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。站在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上，中國(guó)軍隊(duì)適應(yīng)國(guó)家安全環(huán)境新變化，緊緊圍繞實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在新形勢(shì)下的強(qiáng)軍目標(biāo)，貫徹新形勢(shì)下積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，加快推進(jìn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，為實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)和民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)提供堅(jiān)強(qiáng)保障。

　　參考譯文：

　　International Experience and Chinese Characteristics As a new comer striving for modernization, China is badly in need of drawing experience from international practice. At the same time, China must rely on itself to address and resolve problems arising in the process of her peaceful rise. In other words, China‟s modernization must beat its own unique characteristics.

　　For instance, with regard to energy issues, China is working hard to blaze a trail in energy conservation so as to shape up a China-style energy-saving approach. Currently, the

　　American per capita annual consumption of oil is 25 barrels, while that for China is no more than a barrel and a half. Should the Chinese ignore their national conditions and indulge themselves in the wildest “American Dream”, the nation‟s desperate energy demands will undoubtedly bring heavy burden and endless trouble both to the Chinese people and the humankind as a whole.

　　Similarly, over the matter of migration of superfluous rural labor force to the city, China is sure to gradually find out the way towards urbanization stamped with Chinese characteristics.At present, China has a labor force of more than 500 million in the countryside, about 200 million of whom are expected to be migrated to the urban areas in the dream the“European dream”. In modern history, Europe has seen altogether over 60 million people depart for every corner of the world to establish colonies overseas, thereby changing the map of the world. For the Chinese people in the first half of the 21st century, however, they can only tackle this formidable universal problem within its own land, first by carefully coordinating urban and rural development and secondly, by providing guided and orderly flow of redundant rural labor force between the countryside and the city without loss of their lands.

　　As the mainland's economy, already the world's second-largest, continues to grow, mainland businesses will have to accelerate their push for oil and other resources in the far corners of the world. There are already nearly 1 million Chinese workers overseas.

　　Last year alone, the number of mainlanders heading abroad for business, pleasure or study was expected to reach 75 million, up from 60 million in 2010.

　　All this means that there will be more cases of Chinese people being kidnapped or stranded in troubled countries, as they were in Libya. And that requires well-co-ordinated, well-planned and rapid responses from mainland authorities.

　　Predictably, many overseas media reports have played up the angle that the latest kidnappings are part of the price Beijing has to pay for heading to those resource-rich, but politically unstable regions in Africa and Middle East that are usually shunned by Western firms. Some foreigners even accuse China of neo-colonialist practices that they say have made Chinese workers the targets of disgruntled locals.

　　But mainland officials have their own reasons to dismiss those criticisms. A senior executive of a major state firm, which has invested heavily in Africa, said privately, "Do we have a choice? We are more than happy to expand in those politically stable countries in Europe or the Americas, but we are facing not only higher protectionist-led barriers, but also the fact that the Western multinationals already dominate the markets."

　　As mainland firms continue to expand in those high-risk areas in search of energy and business, Beijing is facing serious challenges of changing its longstanding, low-profile foreign policies - including that of non-interference in other countries' affairs - without setting off too many international alarms over its growing economic and military clout.

　　Fresh from making straps that purportedly gave your child a straight posture, a mainland company is now trying to give the iPad a run for its money.

　　And instead of directing its marketing at parents, it now targets government officials and business elites as its main clientele.

　　ErenEben, a Beijing-based tablet computer manufacturer, is second only to runaway market leader iPad on the mainland, rising to a market share of nearly 6 per cent in the third quarter last year, according to IT research firm Analysys International. That puts it ahead of the rest of the pack, including fellow homegrown brand Lenovo and South Korean giant Samsung Electronics.

　　The world today is undergoing unprecedented changes, and China is at a critical stage of reform and development. In their endeavor to realize the Chinese Dream of great national rejuvenation, the Chinese people aspire to join hands with the rest of the world to maintain peace, pursue development and share prosperity.

　　China’s destiny is vitally interrelated with that of the world as a whole. A prosperous and stable world would provide China with opportunities, while China’s peaceful development also offers an opportunity for the whole world. China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace and a national defense policy that is defensive in nature, oppose hegemonism and power politics in all forms, and will never seek hegemony or expansion. China’s armed forces will remain a staunch force in maintaining world peace.

　　Building a strong national defense and powerful armed forces is a strategic task of China’s modernization drive and a security guarantee for China’s peaceful development. Subordinate to and serving the national strategic goal, China’s military strategy is an overarching guidance for blueprinting and directing the building and employment of the country’s armed forces. At this new historical starting point, China’s armed forces will adapt themselves to new changes in the national security environment, firmly follow the goal of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to build a strong military for the new situation, implement the military strategic guideline of active defense in the new situation, accelerate the modernization of national defense and armed forces, resolutely safeguard China’s sovereignty, security and development interests, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the national strategic goal of the “two centenaries” and for realizing the Chinese Dream of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.