1、The causes of inequality are many and varied, and may be broadly grouped into three factors. The first is social condition or family background. In China, for example, someone born and bred in the city usually earns a higher income and enjoys better social services. The second is aptitude. The cleverer or stronger ones usually earn more and enjoy better conditions than the lesser endowed. The final one is ambition and diligence. All things being equal, someone who aims higher and works harder often earns more.

　　譯文：雖然導(dǎo)致不平等的原因很多，但我們可以大體上把它們分為三類。一類是社會(huì)條件或家庭出身，例如在中國(guó)，與出生于貧困農(nóng)村的人們相比，一個(gè)出生在大城市的人通常擁有更多的收入和更好的社會(huì)處境。另外一類是自然天賦，有些人天生聰明或健壯，有些人則天生愚笨或孱弱，前者一般也會(huì)比后者擁有更多的收入并處于更好的狀況。最后一類是抱負(fù)和努力程度，在其他條件相同的情況下，更有抱負(fù)和更努力的人們通常也會(huì)有更多的收入。

　　2、Mass urbanization of the world’s population is an unprecedented trend worldwide. The most important reason why people are moving to cities is economic. People are moving to the cities because that’s where they can find jobs and earn money. Until the 20th century, the major source of employment, full and part-time, was farming. Now, according to recent statistics, no more than 15 percent of all jobs are connected to farming. Jobs now are being created in information technology, manufacturing and service areas, such as tourism and financing, and all of these new jobs are in or around major cities.

　　譯文：世界人口大規(guī)模的城市化在世界范圍內(nèi)達(dá)到史無(wú)前例的規(guī)模。驅(qū)使人們不斷涌向城市的最重要原因是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素。人們都涌向城市是因?yàn)樵诔抢锟梢哉业焦ぷ骱蛼赍X。在20世紀(jì)以前，就業(yè)的主要途徑，不管是全職還是兼職，一直都是農(nóng)耕。而現(xiàn)在，根據(jù)最近的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，只有不到15%的工作是和農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的。越來(lái)越多的工作產(chǎn)生于信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、制造業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè)，如旅游業(yè)和融資，而所有這些新興工作都在大城市及其周邊地區(qū)。

　　評(píng)析：本題是高口熱點(diǎn)話題“城市化”，在07年9月的高口NTGF部分也涉及到過(guò)城市化的問(wèn)題，前一題的句子翻譯S2也提到了“人們搬進(jìn)大城市的原因，是追求高品質(zhì)的生活”，而這里主要圍繞工作展開(kāi)�？疾樵~匯都在大綱范圍內(nèi)，像urbanization, manufacturing等都屬于常見(jiàn)熱詞，考生在平時(shí)對(duì)這些詞匯有所積累，翻譯起來(lái)并不難。相對(duì)passage 2, 這段話稍微有點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)，這也提醒考生注意平時(shí)多練習(xí)聽(tīng)寫記筆記，熟悉�？荚掝}，這樣在考試時(shí)才能拿高分。

　　3、Crime control is a pretty complex question, the first step, of course, is deterrence to stop people from committing crime in the first place. That involves the economy. Are there enough jobs for everyone? There should be. And social structure, are there enough support system? And so on. When people are convicted, and put in prison, then the goal should be to have reform programs inside prisons. So they want person comes out, they don’t return to a life of crime. If the education program and drug treatment program have been cut, convicted criminals are not being reformed.

　　譯文：如何控制犯罪率是一個(gè)十分復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。首先，當(dāng)然要防止犯罪行為的發(fā)生。包括從經(jīng)濟(jì)方面來(lái)說(shuō)，是否有足夠的工作提供給所有人?這個(gè)是應(yīng)該要保證的;從社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，是否有足夠的社會(huì)保障體系?等等。而一旦人們犯了罪，被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄了，那么監(jiān)獄里就需要有改造計(jì)劃，可以讓這些人出獄之后，不再回到犯罪生涯。如果停掉教育計(jì)劃和毒品治療方案，那就無(wú)法對(duì)這些犯人就行改造了。

　　評(píng)析：本篇段落翻譯選自2008年春季高口的聽(tīng)力原文，這就暗示了廣大口譯考生，歷年的聽(tīng)力原文等材料是平時(shí)訓(xùn)練的重要資源，平時(shí)多積累，考試的時(shí)候方可胸有成竹。

　　本篇段落關(guān)注的是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題——如何控制犯罪率。段落給出了兩點(diǎn)建議，一個(gè)是要防患未然;二是在對(duì)犯人實(shí)施改造計(jì)劃。內(nèi)容對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該并不陌生，語(yǔ)速也較為平緩，作為兩段翻譯的的第二段，在難度上是可以接受的。

　　本段詞匯較為常見(jiàn)。注意deterrence，意是“威懾，制止”，這里考生也可將名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞，譯為“防止犯罪行為的發(fā)生”;另外，convict這個(gè)單詞意為“判…有罪”，convicted criminals指“囚犯，犯人”。

　　段落的句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡(jiǎn)單�？忌�只需注意這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句：When people are convicted, and put into prison, the goal should be to have reform programs inside prisons, so that when the person comes out, they don't return to a life of crime. 這個(gè)句子雖長(zhǎng)，但只要理解語(yǔ)義，理清分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如when引導(dǎo)的是從句，the goal 后面的內(nèi)容是主句，so that作的是目的狀語(yǔ)。劃分好結(jié)構(gòu)，再按句子本身的語(yǔ)序進(jìn)行翻譯就可以了。

　　總體而言，本篇英譯中難度適中，主題也不偏頗另類，考生在平時(shí)注意對(duì)社會(huì)問(wèn)題的積累，多進(jìn)行真題練習(xí)，把握好時(shí)間和心態(tài)，相信會(huì)順利完成翻譯。