2018年5月CATTI三級筆譯真題及參考譯文(英譯漢)

　　英譯漢

　　Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era.The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billionpeople are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especiallysusceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. Residents of developing nation cities are increasingly susceptible to obesity. According to India’s National Institute of Nutrition, over a quarter of urban-dwelling men and nearly half of women are overweight.

　　This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have historically focused on ending hunger.These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of food. Additionally, international fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets arecompounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers.

　　People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies, and video games in the growing number of households. The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion.

　　Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs. Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and awareness and the promotion of localised food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks.The US pioneered the soda tax movement. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted similar measures. South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognizes that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education and awareness.

　　There is also promise in initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent studyof urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that middle-income residents living in walkable neighbourhoods enjoy better health than residents who lived in less walkable neighbourhoods in urban China.

　　Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles. Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivize healthy eating and active lifestyles constitute a promising response to rising obesity rates. Improving public health is an important policy developing countries should take from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, reducing obesity will boost global development.

　　參考譯文

　　民生改善是現(xiàn)代最偉大的成就之一。這樣一個富足的年代也導(dǎo)致了難以預(yù)料的全球健康危機(jī)：有20億人要么超重，要么肥胖。發(fā)達(dá)國家的人則更易長胖，引起健康問題。然而，發(fā)展中國家目前正面臨著相似的危機(jī)。肥胖率在高收入國家已經(jīng)達(dá)到頂峰，但在其他國家也正不斷上升。世界衛(wèi)生組織和世界銀行的綜合調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，2016年，亞洲的肥胖兒童占據(jù)世界總數(shù)的一半，非洲則占據(jù)了1/4。發(fā)展中國家的城市居民越來越易胖。根據(jù)印度國立營養(yǎng)研究所(India’s National Institute of Nutrition)的數(shù)據(jù)，城鎮(zhèn)人口中有超過1/4的男性和將近1/2的女性超重。

　　這場危機(jī)將會考驗(yàn)各國政府的政治決心，他們曾把工作重心放在如何消除饑餓上。這些國家的政府必須明白，讓城市便捷、生產(chǎn)力提高的因素同樣會使其居民容易肥胖。都市人能享受各種各樣的美食。此外，國際快餐連鎖店在發(fā)展中國家迅速擴(kuò)張。城市居民久坐不動的生活方式加劇了這種飲食習(xí)慣的健康風(fēng)險。

　　在越來越多的家庭中，人們的休閑時光也被電視、電影和電子游戲所占據(jù)。這些趨勢會引起令人擔(dān)憂的后果，即發(fā)展中國家的人們可能未生財先生病。肥胖導(dǎo)致的疾病繼而會破壞健康體系。每年，在東南亞國家，用于治療糖尿病，心血管疾病等與肥胖相關(guān)的并發(fā)癥所花費(fèi)的醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用已高達(dá)100億美元。

　　對于已經(jīng)在奮力滿足初級衛(wèi)生保健需求的國家來說，這些疾病無疑增加了負(fù)擔(dān)。相比于持續(xù)增長的超重人口最終所花費(fèi)的治療費(fèi)用，制定與稅收、城市設(shè)計、教育和健康意識以及促進(jìn)本地化食品體系相關(guān)的政策可能有助于以更低的成本控制肥胖。一些政府已經(jīng)嘗試通過直接干預(yù)來控制肥胖，例如對非健康食品和飲品進(jìn)行征稅。美國率先開始實(shí)行蘇打稅。泰國、文萊和新加坡也采取了類似的措施。南非可能會在2018年4月開始征收糖稅。加利福利亞的伯克利市政府則認(rèn)識到，僅僅依靠稅收還不足以解決肥胖問題。該市的糖類稅收所得均用于支持兒童營養(yǎng)和社區(qū)健康計劃。這凸顯了教育和健康意識的重要性。

　　這些倡議中也包含著承諾。城市設(shè)計是重塑生活方式和公共健康的重要力量。提升公共空間的美觀度可以吸引居民離開自己的汽車和客廳。最近，上海和杭州城市社區(qū)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在中國城市中，相比于居住在步行街區(qū)較少的社區(qū)居民，那些居住在步行街區(qū)的中等收入居民要更為健康。

　　最后，追求更健康的生活方式，從雜貨店的貨架通道入手。政府應(yīng)鼓勵農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)、城市雜貨商和食品供應(yīng)商之間更加緊密聯(lián)系。這些倡議還可以幫助城市居民更好地了解食物采購機(jī)制。這提高了人們對天然食品和健康生活方式之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識。將控制不健康食品與鼓勵健康飲食和積極生活方式的政策相結(jié)合，是對肥胖率上升的積極回應(yīng)。改善公共衛(wèi)生，是發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)該從經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會角度考慮的一項(xiàng)重要政策。在此引用最新的《全球營養(yǎng)報告》，減少肥胖將推動全球發(fā)展。