2005年11月翻譯考試英語初級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題及答案

　試題部分：

　　Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英譯漢) (60 points)

　　Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

　　The Gap between Rich and Poor Widened in U.S. Capital

　　Washington D.C. ranks first among the 40 cities with the widest gap between the poor and the rich, according to a recent report released by the D.C. Fiscal Policy Institute on July 22nd. The top 20 percent of households in D.C. have an average yearly income of $186,830, 31 times that of the bottom 20 percent, which earns only $6,126 per year. The income gap is also big in Atlanta and Miami, but the difference is not as pronounced.

　　The report also indicates that the widening gap occurred mainly during the 1990s. Over the last decade, the average income of the top 20 percent of households has grown 36 percent, while the average income of the bottom 20 percent has only risen 3 percent.

　　"I believe the concentration of the middle- to high-income families in the D.C. area will continue, therefore, the income gap between rich and poor will be hard to bridge," David Garrison told the Washington Observer. Garrison is a senior researcher with the Brookings Institution, specializing in the study of the social and economic policies in the greater Washington D.C. area.

　　The report attributed the persistent income gap in Washington to the area's special job opportunities, which attract high-income households. Especially since the federal government is based in Washington D.C., Government agencies and other government related businesses such as lobbying firms and government contractors constantly offer high-paying jobs, which contribute to the trend of increasing high-income households in the D.C. area. For example, a single young professional working in a law firm in D.C. can earn as much as $100,000 in his or her first year out of law school.

　　"In addition, high-quality housing available in Washington D.C. is one of the main reasons why high-income families choose to live here, while middle and low-income families, if they can afford it, choose to move out of Washington D.C. to the Virginia and Maryland suburbs so that their kids can go to better schools," stated Garrison.

　　"As rich families continue to move into D.C. and middle and low-income families are moving out, the poorest families are left with nowhere to move, or cannot afford to move. This creates the situation we face now: a huge income gap between the rich and poor."

　　The Washington D.C. area to which Garrison refers is the District of Columbia city itself, not including the greater Washington metro area. "The greater Washington metro area has a large population of about 5 million, but the low-income households are often concentrated in D.C. proper," Garrison explained.

　　Tony Blalock, the spokesperson for Mayor Anthony Williams, said resignedly, "No matter what we seem to do to bring investment into the District, a certain population is not able to access the unique employment opportunities there. The gap between the rich and poor is the product of complex forces, and won't be fixed overnight."

　　Garrison believes that the D.C. government should attract high-income families. By doing so, the District's tax base can grow, which in turn can help improve D.C.'s infrastructure. "But in the meantime, the District government should also take into consideration the rights of the poor, set up good schools for them, and provide sound social welfare. All these measures can alleviate the dire situation caused by income disparity. "

　　Garrison, however, is not optimistic about the possibility of closing the gap between the rich and poor. He is particularly doubtful that current economic progress will be able to help out the poor. "Bush's tax-cut plan did bring about this wave of economic recovery, and the working professionals and rich did benefit from it. It is unfair to say that the plan did not help the poor at all„ it just didn't benefit them as much as it did the rich, " Garrison said. "The working class in America, those who do the simplest work, get paid the least, and dutifully pay their taxes, has not benefited from Bush's tax-cut plan much."

　　Garrison concludes, "A lot of cities in America did not enjoy the positive impact of the economic recovery. Washington D.C., on the other hand, has always been sheltered by the federal government. The wide gap between rich and poor in the District, therefore, deserves more in-depth study and exploration."

　　Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (漢譯英) (40 points)

　　Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

　　25年來，中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革開放，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制初步建立，開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)形成，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和綜合國(guó)力不斷增強(qiáng)，各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)全面發(fā)展，人民生活總體上實(shí)現(xiàn)了由溫飽到小康的歷史性跨越。從1978年至2003年的25年間，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長(zhǎng)9.4%。25年前，中國(guó)年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值為1473億美元，去年已達(dá)到14000多億美元。25年前，中國(guó)年進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額為206億美元，去年已達(dá)到8512億美元。25年前，中國(guó)外匯儲(chǔ)備為1.67億美元，去年已達(dá)到4033億美元。目前，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量居世界第六，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額居世界第四。中國(guó)之所以能夠發(fā)生這樣巨大的變化，最關(guān)鍵的原因是我們始終堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，始終堅(jiān)持改革開放，激發(fā)了全體人民的積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性。

　　中國(guó)雖然取得了很大的發(fā)展成就，但中國(guó)人口多，底子薄，生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達(dá)，發(fā)展很不平衡，生態(tài)環(huán)境、自然資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的矛盾比較突出。雖然中國(guó)人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)突破1000美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，使全體人民都過上富裕生活，還需要進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期不懈的艱苦奮斗。

　　我們已經(jīng)明確了本世紀(jì)頭20年的奮斗目標(biāo)，這就是全面建設(shè)惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會(huì)，到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩番，達(dá)到4萬億美元，人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到3000美元，使經(jīng)濟(jì)更加發(fā)展、民主更加健全、科教更加進(jìn)步、文化更加繁榮、社會(huì)更加和諧、人民生活更加殷實(shí)。