內(nèi)畫壺《百子圖》
Snuff Bottles with Pictures Inside
內(nèi)畫壺是鼻煙壺的一種。內(nèi)畫技藝起源于北京。相傳清朝道光年間(1821-1850年)，北京有一個破落文人，嗜好鼻煙，無錢購買時就用竹簽刮煙壺壁上的煙油代替，久而久之，煙壺壁上一道道紋痕縱橫交錯，儼然如畫，引起了民間藝人的興趣，他們開始在煙壺的內(nèi)壁上作畫。最早的內(nèi)畫壺，畫面簡單粗糙。到了光緒年間( 1875-1908年)，技藝日趨成熟，煙壺的內(nèi)壁先經(jīng)過磨砂，然后再將竹簽或毛筆伸入壺內(nèi)，采用反畫技法，把圖案畫在壺壁上，奇異又雅致。
The art of decorating snuff bottles from the inside originated in Beijing. The story goes that in the Qing Dynasty during the reign of Dao Guang (1821-1850),an impoverished scholar was addicted to snuff. To relieve his cravingfor the powdered tobacco, he scraped his snuff bottle from the inside with abamboo slip. Gradually the marks left on the inner wall of the bottle made apicture, catching the fancy of folk artists. The art of drawing pictures inside snuff bottles was thus created and popularized. In the beginning the pictures were simple and roughly drawn. But by the reign of Guang Xu (1875-1908),the art had been perfected: Artists made delicate drawings with bamboo slips or calligraphy brushes on the bottles' polished inner walls.
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我國的內(nèi)畫技藝主要分為京派、冀派、魯派三大派。工藝美術(shù)家王習三是冀派的代表人物。1957年，他向著 名內(nèi)畫藝術(shù)家葉曉峰和葉小三學藝，在師承的基礎上，兼收各家之長，將傳統(tǒng)的勾竹、木筆和勾毛筆結(jié)合并用，形成自己的風格。他突 破內(nèi)畫壺只表現(xiàn)傳說故事中的人物和花草的局限，創(chuàng)作出《貓蝶圖》，描繪一只小貓和落在尾巴上的蝴蝶嬉戲的逗人情景，形象自然，妙趣橫生，他還把繪畫和書法融為一體，打破了內(nèi)畫藝術(shù)的呆板形式。近年來，他又吸收西洋畫溪。運用油畫技法在內(nèi)畫壺上創(chuàng)作人物肖像，達到相當完美的境界。他的作品贏得國內(nèi)外的贊賞。內(nèi)畫壺《雙猿圖》曾獲1980年第12屆國際煙壺協(xié)會優(yōu)秀獎;《溥儀和婉容肖像》被第13屆國際煙壺協(xié)會評為最優(yōu)秀獎;《美國歷屆總統(tǒng)像》榮獲1985年中國工藝美術(shù)珍品獎。
Today, snuff-boffle pictures fall into three different categories-the Jing(Beijing), Ji (Hebei) and Lu (Shandong). Wang Xisan's art is representative of the Ji school. In 1957 Wang studied under the famous artists Ye Xiaofeng and Ye Xiaosan. He further developed the art by absorbing the good points of different schools and using the traditional tools, bamboo and wood slips,as well as writing brushes. Finally he created a style of his own. Traditionally,snuff-bottle themes were confined to characters from folktales or flowers and grasses. Wang Xisan made a breakthrough by portraying a kitten playing with a butterfly on its tail, a picture full of wit and humour. Wang Xisan was also the first to use calligraphy on snuff bottle pictures. In recent years his bottle drawings, using techniques borrowed from Western oil painting,have been praised in China and abroad. His picture Two Monkeys was awarded a prize for excellence by the 12th International Snuff Bottle Artists' Associa-tion in 1980. Pu Yi and Wan Rong was appraised as the best work by the 13th Intemational Snuff Bottle Artists' Assoaation and in 1985 American Presidents won recognition as a unique piece of Chinese art.
內(nèi)畫壺《百子圖》是王習三的代表作之一。作品以河北南皮縣出土的清代水晶壺作胎，壺高八厘米，直徑七厘米。他運用彩墨畫和油畫技法，刻畫100個天真活潑的兒童，在天高氣爽的秋日，三五成群地聚集在屋前樹下，或聚精會神地研究地震儀，或興致勃勃地下棋，或神采飛揚地探討詩藝畫法，或攀樹嬉鬧。作品優(yōu)美生動，細致入微，被國家列為工藝美術(shù)佳品珍藏。
A Hundred Children, another masterpiece by Wang Xisan was painted on a bottle 8cm high and 7cm in diameter, which was modeled on a crystal bottle from the Qing Dynasty unearthed in Nanpi County, Hebei Province. By using a combination of Chinese ink styles and western oil, Wang vividly portrayed one hundred innocent and lively children, some clustered under a tree, others studying a seismograph or playing chess, and yet others discussing poems and painting or climbing trees. This snuff bottle has been listed as one of the state's best works of art.
資料來源考試網(wǎng)校老師主講教材精講班課程，完整講義下載進入個人中心>>
