長(zhǎng)江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù) ecological protection in the Yangtze River basin

　　6月7日，國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于長(zhǎng)江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)工作情況的報(bào)告提請(qǐng)十三屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第二十九次會(huì)議審議。

　　China has made notable progress in improving water quality, restoring aquatic biodiversity and controlling pollution in the Yangtze River basin, according to the report.

　　報(bào)告顯示，長(zhǎng)江流域在水質(zhì)提升、水生物種多樣性修復(fù)以及污染防控方面均取得明顯成效。

　　Water quality of 96.7 percent of Yangtze River segments reached Level III standard or above in 2020, 13.3 percentage points higher than the national average and 14.9 percentage points higher than the 2015 figure. For the first time, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River reached Level II standard or above in 2020, the report notes.

　　2020年，長(zhǎng)江流域水質(zhì)優(yōu)良(Ⅲ類以上)斷面比例為96.7%，高于全國(guó)平均水平13.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，較2015年提高14.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，干流首次全線達(dá)到Ⅱ類水質(zhì)。

　　【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

　　根據(jù)國(guó)家環(huán)�？偩峙c國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，依據(jù)地表水(surface water)水域環(huán)境功能和保護(hù)目標(biāo)(the utilization purposes and protection objectives)，按功能高低依次劃分為五類：

　　Ⅰ類(一類地表水 Class I) 主要適用于源頭水(source water)、國(guó)家自然保護(hù)區(qū)(national nature reserves);

　�、蝾� (二類地表水 Class II)主要適用于集中式生活飲用水地表水源地一級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)(first-class protected areas for centralized sources of drinking water)、珍稀水生生物棲息地(protected areas for rare aquatic animals)、魚蝦類產(chǎn)場(chǎng)(spawning fields of fishes and shrimps)、仔稚幼魚的索餌場(chǎng)等;

　　Ⅲ類 (三類地表水 Class III)主要適用于集中式生活飲用水地表水源地二級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)、魚蝦類越冬場(chǎng)、洄游通道(migration pathways)、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖區(qū)(aquatic breeding areas)等漁業(yè)水域及游泳區(qū);

　�、纛�(四類地表水 Class IV) 主要適用于一般工業(yè)用水區(qū)及人體非直接接觸的娛樂(lè)用水區(qū)(water areas for industrial use and entertainment which is not directly touched by human bodies);

　　V類(五類地表水 Class V) 主要適用于農(nóng)業(yè)用水區(qū)及一般景觀要求水域(water bodies for agricultural and landscape use)。

　　此外，水污染治理中提到的“劣Ⅴ類”(below Class V)，是指質(zhì)量低于V類的水，甚至無(wú)法用于工業(yè)和灌溉用途(unusable even for industrial or irrigation purposes)，被描述為“黑臭”水體("black and stinky" water)。

　　落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江“十年禁漁”

　　Provinces and municipalities along the Yangtze River have effectively implemented the 10-year fishing ban, with 228,000 fishermen on 110,000 boats relinquishing their nets, says the report, adding that there have been more frequent sightings of flagship species, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, after the ban.

　　沿江省市落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江“十年禁漁”，累計(jì)退捕漁船11萬(wàn)艘、漁民22.8萬(wàn)人。禁捕后，長(zhǎng)江江豚等旗艦物種的出現(xiàn)頻率增加。

　　【詞匯講解】

　　這里的relinquish表示“放棄(某種責(zé)任或權(quán)力;手中持有的東西)”，比如：relinquish one's claim to the throne(放棄王位)，relinquish control of the family business(放棄家族生意)，以及上文中的relinquish nets(放下漁網(wǎng))，也就是“退捕”，不再打魚了。

　　加強(qiáng)污染治理

　　Amid pollution control efforts, 558 hazardous chemical production enterprises in densely populated urban areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have been relocated or transformed, accounting for 97.2 percent of the total number, says the report.

　　在污染治理方面，完成長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶城鎮(zhèn)人口密集區(qū)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)搬遷改造558家，完成率97.2%。

　　Measures have been taken to curb agricultural non-point source pollution, says the report, adding that efforts have been strengthened to prevent shipping pollution, promoting the use of new and clean energy by ships in ports along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治，同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)航運(yùn)污染治理，持續(xù)推進(jìn)長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶港口船舶使用新能源、清潔能源。

　　推動(dòng)綠色發(fā)展

　　2021年是全面貫徹落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江保護(hù)法(the Yangtze River conservation law)的第一年。要全面貫徹落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江保護(hù)法，依法推動(dòng)長(zhǎng)江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。

　　More efforts will be made in promoting green development, preventing and controlling pollution, carrying out ecological restoration, and establishing and improving relevant systems and mechanisms, the report notes.

　　要扎實(shí)推動(dòng)綠色發(fā)展，深入開(kāi)展污染防治，持續(xù)開(kāi)展生態(tài)修復(fù)，建立健全制度機(jī)制。

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