Both WHO’s constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Right assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international law. But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper.

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織《組織法》與《世界人權(quán)宣言》(Universal Declaration of Human Right)均強(qiáng)調(diào)健康是一項(xiàng)人權(quán)，而不是那些有經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力者享有的特權(quán)。隨著時(shí)間的推移，健康權(quán)已逐漸載入各國法律和國際法律。但重要的是，健康權(quán)絕非只是紙上空談。

　　It has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948, life expectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically. New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will have profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modern medicine. Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young lives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time. And of course, we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies.

　　健康權(quán)一直是全球健康狀況得以獲得重大改善的平臺(tái)。自1948年以來，預(yù)期壽命延長了25歲。產(chǎn)婦和兒童死亡率快 下跌。天花已被消滅，脊髓灰質(zhì)炎也已處在被消滅的邊緣。艾滋病毒/艾滋病的勢頭得到扭轉(zhuǎn)。瘧疾致死的現(xiàn)象急劇減少。得益于新疫苗的出現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)讓人談虎色變的疾病也變得易于預(yù)防。還有其他進(jìn)步可喜可賀。但是，就在我們繼續(xù)對(duì)抗既有健康威脅之時(shí)，新的健康威脅已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。氣候變化會(huì)對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響�？刮⑸�物藥物耐藥性有可能讓現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)取得的成果蕩然無存。“疫苗猶豫”正危及數(shù)百萬年輕人的生命。心臟病、中風(fēng)、癌癥、糖尿病、高血壓、肺病和精神疾病等非傳染性疾病已成為當(dāng)今時(shí)代的頭號(hào)殺手。當(dāng)然，我們還無時(shí)不刻不在面臨著疫情和其他突發(fā)衛(wèi)生事件的威脅。

　　Both WHO’s constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Right assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international law. But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper.

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織《組織法》與《世界人權(quán)宣言》(Universal Declaration of Human Right)均強(qiáng)調(diào)健康是一項(xiàng)人權(quán)，而不是那些有經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力者享有的特權(quán)。隨著時(shí)間的推移，健康權(quán)已逐漸載入各國法律和國際法律。但重要的是，健康權(quán)絕非只是紙上空談。

　　It has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948, life expectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically. New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will have profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modern medicine. Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young lives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time. And of course, we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies.

　　健康權(quán)一直是全球健康狀況得以獲得重大改善的平臺(tái)。自1948年以來，預(yù)期壽命延長了25歲。產(chǎn)婦和兒童死亡率快 下跌。天花已被消滅，脊髓灰質(zhì)炎也已處在被消滅的邊緣。艾滋病毒/艾滋病的勢頭得到扭轉(zhuǎn)。瘧疾致死的現(xiàn)象急劇減少。得益于新疫苗的出現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)讓人談虎色變的疾病也變得易于預(yù)防。還有其他進(jìn)步可喜可賀。但是，就在我們繼續(xù)對(duì)抗既有健康威脅之時(shí)，新的健康威脅已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。氣候變化會(huì)對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。抗微生物藥物耐藥性有可能讓現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)取得的成果蕩然無存�！耙呙绐q豫”正危及數(shù)百萬年輕人的生命。心臟病、中風(fēng)、癌癥、糖尿病、高血壓、肺病和精神疾病等非傳染性疾病已成為當(dāng)今時(shí)代的頭號(hào)殺手。當(dāng)然，我們還無時(shí)不刻不在面臨著疫情和其他突發(fā)衛(wèi)生事件的威脅。

　　In the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries. We are currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, very near the border with Uganda. As of today, there have been 373 cases and 216 deaths since the outbreak started in August. So far, we have managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across the border, largely because we have much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any time in history. More than 32,000 people have been vaccinated, which is one of the reasons the outbreak has not spread further than it has. We also have ways to treat those infected. So far, 150 people have been treated with one of four drugs. 14 million travelers have been screened, there have been more than 190 safe and dignified burials, we have done door-to-door advocacy in almost 4000 households and we have trained more than 500 community leaders. But this outbreak has been much more difficult to control, largely because of the security situation in eastern DRC. Armed groups operating in the area conduct regular attacks on the city of Beni, the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time there is an attack, the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.

　　在過去的12個(gè)月內(nèi)，世衛(wèi)組織應(yīng)對(duì)了50個(gè)國家47起突發(fā)事件。我們目前正在處理鄰近烏干達(dá)邊境的剛果民主共和國爆發(fā)的埃博拉疫情。自8月爆發(fā)以來，迄今已有373例病例和216例死亡。到目前為止，我們已成功阻止埃博拉病毒蔓延越過邊境，這主要因?yàn)槲覀儾捎昧擞惺芬詠碜詈玫膸追N手段對(duì)抗埃博拉病毒。超過3.2萬人接種了疫苗，這是疫情沒有進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)散的原因之一。此外，我們也有治療感染者的方法。到目前為止，已有150人接受了四種藥物中的一種治療。1400萬游客經(jīng)過篩查;超過190人得到安全、體面埋葬;挨家挨戶宣傳達(dá)到近4000戶;500多名社區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)接受了培訓(xùn)。但此次疫情控制難度加大，這主要?dú)w咎于剛果民主共和國東部的安全局勢。在該地區(qū)作戰(zhàn)的武裝分子頻繁襲擊疫情中心貝尼市(Beni)，而每次襲擊都為病毒創(chuàng)造了有利條件，中斷了疫苗接種和接觸者追蹤工作。

　　Health security and health systems are two sides of the same coin. The best long-term investment in protecting and promoting the right to health is to invest in stronger health systems. Because there is simply no other way to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals than primary health care, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention. But it will also require WHO and the global health community to work in a much more integrated and coherent way. That’s why WHO and 10 other international health agencies have agreed to work together on a Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being. The plan has three strategic approaches: integrate, accelerate and account. First, we have committed to integrate many of our processes to increase our collective efficiency. Second, we have committed to accelerate progress by identifying areas of work in which we can truly bend the curve and make more rapid progress towards the health-related SDGs – like research and development, data and sustainable financing. And third, we have committed to keep each other accountable, both to the people we serve, and to the donors and partners who expect results from the resources they give us.

　　衛(wèi)生安全和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系是同一事物的兩個(gè)方面。保護(hù)和促進(jìn)健康權(quán)的最 長期投資方式是投資更強(qiáng)大的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系。初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健以促進(jìn)健康和預(yù)防疾病為重點(diǎn)，而除了初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健，根本沒有其他方法可以實(shí)現(xiàn)全民健康覆蓋與可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)(Sustainable Development Goals)。但這還需要世衛(wèi)組織與全球衛(wèi)生界加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)合作。這就是世衛(wèi)組織與其他10個(gè)國際衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)同意共同推行“全球健康生活與福祉行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”(Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being)的原因。這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃有三大戰(zhàn)略方法：整合流程、加快進(jìn)程與承擔(dān)責(zé)任。首先，我們已承諾整合諸多流程，提高集體效率。其次，我們已承諾，通過確定能夠真正扭轉(zhuǎn)局勢的工作領(lǐng)域(如研發(fā)、數(shù)據(jù)和可持續(xù)融資領(lǐng)域)，加速實(shí)現(xiàn)與健康相關(guān)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，從而加快進(jìn)程。最后，我們已承諾人人承擔(dān)責(zé)任，不僅對(duì)所服務(wù)的對(duì)象負(fù)責(zé)，也要對(duì)出資出力、期待其有所成效的捐助者與合作者負(fù)責(zé)。

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