作為歷史文化名城，已經(jīng)有3000多年建城史、800多年建都史的北京城，文物古跡達到7000多項，其中列入“世界文化遺產(chǎn)”名錄的有5處，確定為“全國重點文物保護單位”的有42處。據(jù)了解，目前北京市的文物建筑總面積有200多萬平方米，其中30%亟待搶修，70%需要修繕保養(yǎng)。
As a world- renowned cultural city, Beijing has a history of more than 3, 000 years and has served as a capital for over 800 years. It boasts more than 7, 000 cultural relics and historical sites, with five being included in the World Cultural Heritage List and 42 under State protection. Among the 2- million- square- meter old structures of historical interest in Beijing, 70 percent need maintenance and the rest need restoration.
過去，北京市每年用于文物保護的專項經(jīng)費只有400多萬元人民幣，這些錢遠遠不能滿足搶險修繕文物建筑的需要。市政府決定從2000年到2002年，三年共投入專項補助資金3.3億元對重點文物建筑進行搶險修繕工程。時至今日，這一工程不僅進展順利，而且?guī)硪还扇行缘奈奈锕沤ㄐ蘅槦�。三年中北京市屬各區(qū)縣及社會各界已經(jīng)自愿投入和準(zhǔn)備投入用于文物保護的配套資金超過了14億元。
Beijing annually appropriates 4 million yuan in special funds for conservation of cultural relics, which fell far short of need. To solve the problem, the Beijing municipal government decided to allocate 330 million yuan in special subsidies in the three years from 2000 for repair and maintenance of major cultural relics. As well, districts and counties of Beijing and other social sectors will contribute 1. 4 billion yuan to support the city' s three- year campaign for cultural relic conservation.
很多專家認為，除了市政府需要撥出一定的資金進行搶修之外，還需要更新保護觀念和改進修繕技術(shù)。北京市文物古跡保護委員會委員、北京市古代建筑研究所首席研究員指出，總的觀念、理念就是“保護第一”，搶修是保護里最不得已的辦法，對文物古跡越少干預(yù)越好，因為“修一次，就要改變一次原狀”。他列舉了自己的老師、著名建筑學(xué)家梁思成的一句名言，保護古建筑，“要讓它延年益壽，不要返老還童”。
Many experts insist that cultural relics repair and conservation be coordinated with the development of Beijing as a modern international metropolis. For this purpose, conservation concepts should be renewed and repair techniques improved, in addition to the financial support by the municipal government. "Protection first" should be the general approach, said Wang Shirong, member of Beijing Committee for Protection of Cultural Relics and Historical Sites and Chief Researcher of the Beijing Ancient Architecture Institute. Wang believes that repair should be the last option in conservation. For cultural and historical relics, the less repair the better, he said, because it more or less changes the original state. Wang cited his teacher Liang Sicheng, a famous architect, as saying that protection of ancient structures "should be aimed at prolonging their existence, not at making them new".
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