More than a quarter of new fathers in a new study showed significant levels of depression–what are the causes,and what can they do about it?

　　一項(xiàng)新研究顯示，超過(guò)四分之一的新爸爸都有明顯的抑郁癥狀——原因是什么?他們又該怎樣排解抑郁呢?

　　男人也會(huì)得產(chǎn)后抑郁癥?

　　Men don’t go through pregnancy or childbirth.Their hormone levels don’t nosedive.They don’t get sore nipples.What exactly have they got to be depressed about?Quite a lot,according to research from Sweden showing that,over the past 10 years,a significant number of men have struggled with the transition to fatherhood.

　　男人不會(huì)經(jīng)歷懷孕或者分娩。他們的激素水平不會(huì)急速下降。他們也不會(huì)感覺(jué)到乳頭疼痛。那他們到底抑郁什么呢?瑞典的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，在過(guò)去的十年中，相當(dāng)多的男性在轉(zhuǎn)向父親這一角色中都經(jīng)歷了艱難的掙扎過(guò)程。

　　This latest research tries to quantify just how many men get postnatal depression.Previous studies have found between 4%and 10%of men,while,in this smallish sample of 447 Swedish fathers who volunteered(and may therefore not represent your average dad),a surprising 28%of men had symptoms that scored above mild levels of depression.Overall,4%had moderate depression.Fewer than one in five fathers who were depressed sought help,even though a third of those had thought about harming themselves.While women in the UK are often asked a series of questions that screen for postnatal depression(which affects up to 13%of women),the mental health of fathers is rarely assessed.

　　最新研究想要弄清楚到底有多少男人患有產(chǎn)后抑郁癥。此前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，4%至10%的男性會(huì)出現(xiàn)抑郁癥，而在這份新樣本中，這項(xiàng)最新研究試圖量化到底有多少男性患有產(chǎn)后抑郁癥，而在447名瑞典父親中，令人驚訝的是，28%的男性癥狀得分高于輕度抑郁�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō)，4%的人患有中度抑郁癥。在患有抑郁癥的父親中，盡管其中三分之一的人曾想過(guò)傷害自己，卻只有不到五分之一的人尋求過(guò)幫助。英國(guó)女性經(jīng)常被問(wèn)及一系列產(chǎn)后抑郁癥的問(wèn)題(影響多達(dá)13%的女性)，但父親的心理健康狀況卻很少得到評(píng)估。

　　The solution

　　解決辦法

　　The lead author of the Swedish paper,Elisa Psouni,from the department of psychology at Lund University,says the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)used for both women and men is not so accurate in picking up depression in fathers.Her research showed higher levels of depression in dads because it added in a score more reflective of“male”symptoms of depression such as agitation,anger,irritability,working longer hours and drinking too much.

　　瑞典隆德大學(xué)心理學(xué)系的Elisa Psouni是這篇論文的主要作者，她說(shuō)，用于男性和女性的愛(ài)丁堡產(chǎn)后抑郁量表(EPDS)在檢測(cè)父親的抑郁方面并不準(zhǔn)確。她的研究顯示，父親的抑郁程度較高，因?yàn)檫@一結(jié)果在分?jǐn)?shù)上更能反映出抑郁的“男性”癥狀，如焦慮、憤怒、易怒、工作時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)和酗酒。

　　Depression in fathers may be rising not just because researchers are looking for it,but because more new dads are struggling.Psouni believes fathers increasingly face the same dilemmas that mothers do–including trying to combine parenthood with working.Fathers who got depressed often had external pressures,such as job issues,and if their partner was depressed,their own risk of depression doubled.Lack of sleep,having twins and conflict in the relationship can all contribute.

　　父親的抑郁情緒可能正在上升，這不僅是因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T正在尋找這種情緒，還因?yàn)楦�多的新爸爸正在努力克服這種情緒。普索尼認(rèn)為，父親們?cè)絹?lái)越多地面臨與母親們相同的困境，包括試圖將為人父母與工作結(jié)合起來(lái)�；家钟舭Y的父親通常有外部壓力，比如工作問(wèn)題，如果他們的伴侶患抑郁癥，他們患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)增加一倍。睡眠不足、生雙胞胎以及夫妻關(guān)系出現(xiàn)沖突都是造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因。

　　A depressed dad will play and smile less with his child.Children are deeply affected by paternal postnatal depression with studies showing poorer measures of wellbeing and more behavioural problems at the age of seven.

　　憂郁的父親會(huì)跟孩子玩的更少，笑的更少。父親產(chǎn)后抑郁癥對(duì)孩子的影響非常大。研究顯示，在孩子7歲時(shí)，健康指標(biāo)較差，行為問(wèn)題較多。

　　Fathers who sense they may be struggling and partners,relatives or friends who notice an increase in irritability and anxiety in a man in the first year of parenthood(paternal depression is more dispersed throughout the first 12 months)should consider the possibility of paternal postnatal depression.

　　那些感覺(jué)自己可能在掙扎的父親,以及注意到男性在為人父第一年就就易怒焦慮的伴侶親戚或朋友(父親的抑郁情緒在頭12個(gè)月里更為分散)，應(yīng)該考慮到父親產(chǎn)后抑郁的可能性。

　　Cognitive behavioural therapy can help,as can antidepressants.If the depression is not recognised,says Psouni,“one of most terrible things is that you catch up with yourself a year later and realise you have been really down and struggling–and the first year of your child’s life has gone.”

　　認(rèn)知行為療法和抗抑郁藥都有幫助。如果人們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到抑郁癥，Psouni說(shuō):“最可怕的事情之一是，一年后你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己一直以來(lái)都很沮喪、很掙扎——而你孩子第一年的日子已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。”

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