AIDS

　　艾滋病

　　What is HIV?

　　什么是艾滋病毒?

　　The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing their function. Infection with the virus results in progressive deterioration of the immune system, leading to "immune deficiency." The immune system is considered deficient when it can no longer fulfil its role of fighting infection and disease. Infections associated with severe immunodeficiency are known as "opportunistic infections", because they take advantage of a weakened immune system.

　　人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV，也稱艾滋病毒)感染免疫系統(tǒng)細(xì)胞，破壞或損傷其功能。病毒感染導(dǎo)致免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)生進(jìn)行性衰退，最后出現(xiàn)“免疫缺陷”。當(dāng)免疫系統(tǒng)不能發(fā)揮抵抗感染和疾病的作用時(shí)，即被認(rèn)為免疫缺陷。與嚴(yán)重免疫缺陷相關(guān)的感染稱為“機(jī)會(huì)性感染”，這是因?yàn)檫@些感染只有在免疫系統(tǒng)功能低下時(shí)才可能出現(xiàn)。

　　單詞：1. immunodeficiency /ɪˌmjuːnəʊdɪˈfɪʃnsi/

　　名詞：免疫缺陷;

　　例句：More than 40 simian immunodeficiency viruses are known to infect African primates.

　　能夠侵染非洲靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物的免疫缺陷病毒超過(guò)了40種。

　　2. deterioration /dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn/名詞：惡化;

　　例句：The recent deterioration has been caused by an apparently endless recession.

　　看似永無(wú)止境的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退導(dǎo)致了最近的惡化。

　　3. deficient /dɪˈfɪʃnt/ 形容詞：有缺陷的;

　　例句：Deaf people are sometimes treated as being mentally deficient.

　　耳聾的人有時(shí)被看作智力不健全。

　　What is AIDS?

　　什么是艾滋病?

　　Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a term which applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. It is defined by the occurrence of any of more than 20 opportunistic infections or HIV-related cancers.

　　獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征(AIDS，也稱艾滋病)是一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，指艾滋病毒感染的最后階段。出現(xiàn)20余種機(jī)會(huì)性感染中的任一種感染，或與艾滋病毒相關(guān)的任一種腫瘤，即可定義為艾滋病。

　　單詞：1. opportunistic /ˌɒpətju:ˈnɪstɪk/形容詞：有機(jī)會(huì)(感染)的;

　　例句：Preventive antiretroviral treatment ( ART) for mothers and newborns to prevent opportunistic infections;

　　對(duì)母親和新生兒進(jìn)行預(yù)防性抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療，以防止機(jī)會(huì)性感染;

　　How is HIV transmitted?

　　艾滋病毒是如何傳播的?

　　HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse (vaginal or anal), and oral sex with an infected person; transfusion of contaminated blood; and the sharing of contaminated needles, syringes, surgical equipment or other sharp instruments. It may also be transmitted between a mother and her infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.

　　艾滋病毒可通過(guò)與感染者發(fā)生未保護(hù)的性交(陰道交或肛交)和口交;輸入受艾滋病毒污染的血液;共用受艾滋病毒污染的針頭、針具、手術(shù)器械或其他銳器等途徑傳播。還可由受艾滋病毒感染的母親在妊娠、分娩和哺乳期間傳播給嬰兒。

　　Is there a cure for HIV?

　　艾滋病毒感染可以治愈嗎?

　　No, there is no cure for HIV. But with good and continued adherence to ART, the progression of HIV in the body can be slowed to a near halt. Increasingly, people living with HIV can remain well and productive for extended periods of time, even in low-income countries. WHO now recommends treatment for all people living with HIV.

　　艾滋病毒感染不可治愈。但如果堅(jiān)持抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療，治療依從性好，艾滋病毒在體內(nèi)的進(jìn)展可以放緩到幾近停止的水平。越來(lái)越多的艾滋病毒感染者保持良好狀態(tài)，保持勞動(dòng)能力，延長(zhǎng)生命時(shí)間，即使低收入國(guó)家的艾滋病毒感染者也是如此。世衛(wèi)組織建議所有艾滋病毒感染者以及處于重大感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人群都接受治療。

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