Disabilities

殘疾

　　殘疾是一個(gè)總稱，包括損傷、活動(dòng)受限以及參與的限制。損傷是身體功能或結(jié)構(gòu)方面的問(wèn)題;活動(dòng)受限是人在執(zhí)行任務(wù)或行動(dòng)時(shí)遇到的困難;而參與的限制是參與個(gè)人生活時(shí)遇到的問(wèn)題。

　　Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations.

　　因此，殘疾不僅僅是一個(gè)健康問(wèn)題。它是一種復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象，反映了人體特征與他或她所生活的社會(huì)特征之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。要克服殘疾人遇到的困難，就需要進(jìn)行干預(yù)，消除環(huán)境和社會(huì)方面的障礙。

　　Disability is thus not just a health problem. It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives. Overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires interventions to remove environmental and social barriers.People with disabilities have the same health needs as non-disabled people – for immunization, cancer screening etc. They also may experience a narrower margin of health, both because of poverty and social exclusion, and also because they may be vulnerable to secondary conditions, such as pressure sores or urinary tract infections. Evidence suggests that people with disabilities face barriers in accessing the health and rehabilitation services they need in many settings.

　　殘疾人具有與非殘疾人一樣的健康需求——計(jì)劃免疫、癌癥篩查等。他們的健康狀況或許更加勉強(qiáng)，這既是因?yàn)樨毟F和社會(huì)排斥問(wèn)題，也是由于他們易患繼發(fā)性疾病，如褥瘡或尿道感染。有證據(jù)表明，殘疾人在許多情況下都面臨著獲得所需衛(wèi)生和康復(fù)服務(wù)方面的障礙。

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