Asthma
哮喘
Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. Symptoms may occur several times in a day or week in affected individuals, and for some people become worse during physical activity or at night. During an asthma attack, the lining of the bronchial tubes swell, causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air into and out of the lungs. Recurrent asthma symptoms frequently cause sleeplessness, daytime fatigue, reduced activity levels and school and work absenteeism. Asthma has a relatively low fatality rate compared to other chronic diseases.
哮喘是一種主要的非傳染性疾病，以呼吸困難和喘息反復發(fā)作為特征，其嚴重程度和發(fā)作頻率因人而異�；颊咭惶旎蛞恢軆�(nèi)可多次出現(xiàn)癥狀，一些人在運動時或在夜間癥狀可加重。在哮喘發(fā)作期間，支氣管管道內(nèi)壁膨脹，導致氣道狹窄，減少了肺部通氣量。周期性哮喘癥狀往往導致失眠、日間疲勞、減少活動量，不能上學和工作。相對于其它慢性病而言，哮喘的死亡率較低。
WHO strategy for prevention and control of asthma
世衛(wèi)組織哮喘防控戰(zhàn)略
WHO recognizes that asthma is of major public health importance. The Organization plays a role in coordinating international efforts against the disease. The aim of its strategy is to support Member States in their efforts to reduce the disability and premature death related to asthma.
世衛(wèi)組織意識到哮喘具有很高的公共衛(wèi)生重要性。本組織在協(xié)調(diào)國家防治哮喘的努力中有其作用。其戰(zhàn)略的目的是支持會員國努力減少與哮喘有關的殘疾和早亡。
WHO's programme objectives are:
世衛(wèi)組織的規(guī)劃目標是：
surveillance to map the magnitude of asthma, analyse its determinants and monitor trends, with emphasis on poor and disadvantaged populations;
開展監(jiān)測，以摸清哮喘規(guī)模，分析其決定因素，監(jiān)測其趨勢，重點是貧窮和弱勢人口;
primary prevention to reduce the level of exposure to common risk factors, particularly tobacco smoke, frequent lower respiratory infections during childhood, and air pollution (indoor, outdoor, and occupational exposure);
開展初級預防，降低接觸普通風險因素的程度，尤其是煙草煙霧、兒童時期頻繁的下呼吸道感染、空氣污染(室內(nèi)、室外和職業(yè)性接觸);
and improving access to cost-effective interventions including medicines, upgrading standards and accessibility of care at different levels of the health care system.
改善包括藥物在內(nèi)的具有成本效益的干預措施的獲取，升級標準并改善衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)不同層級保健的可及性。
資料來源考試網(wǎng)校老師主講教材精講班課程，完整講義下載進入個人中心>>
下載焚題庫APP——翻譯資格考試——題庫——做題，包括章節(jié)練習、每日一練、模擬試卷、歷年真題、易錯題等，可隨時隨地刷題�！�在線做題】>>】【下載APP掌上刷題】
