Diabetes

糖尿病

　　Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.

　　糖尿病是一種慢性病，當(dāng)胰腺產(chǎn)生不了足夠的胰島素或者人體無法有效地利用所產(chǎn)生的胰島素時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)糖尿病。胰島素是一種調(diào)節(jié)血糖的荷爾蒙。高血糖癥或血糖升高，是糖尿病不加控制的一種通常結(jié)果，隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)對(duì)人體的許多系統(tǒng)帶來嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，特別是神經(jīng)和血管。

　　In 2014, 8.5% of adults aged 18 years and older had diabetes. In 2016, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths and in 2012 high blood glucose was the cause of another 2.2 million deaths.

　　2014年，18歲以上的成年人中有8.5%的人患有糖尿病。2016年，糖尿病直接造成160萬例死亡。2012年，另有220萬例死亡可歸咎于高血糖。

　　What are common consequences of diabetes?

　　糖尿病的常見后果是什么?

　　Over time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

　　隨著時(shí)間的推移，糖尿病可能損害心臟、血管、眼睛、腎臟和神經(jīng)。

　　Adults with diabetes have a two- to three-fold increased risk of heart attacks and strokes .

　　糖尿病成人出現(xiàn)心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)會(huì)上升兩至三倍。

　　Combined with reduced blood flow, neuropathy (nerve damage) in the feet increases the chance of foot ulcers, infection and eventual need for limb amputation.

　　足部神經(jīng)病變(神經(jīng)受損)與血流量減少結(jié)合在一起，增加了患足部潰瘍、感染以及最終需要截肢的可能。

　　Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness, and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. 2.6% of global blindness can be attributed to diabetes .

　　糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變是失明的一主要病因，它是視網(wǎng)膜小血管長期累積受損的結(jié)果。全球2.6%的盲癥可歸咎于糖尿病。

　　Diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure.

　　糖尿病位居腎衰竭主要病因之列。

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