1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

　　美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)基本是以私有企業(yè)和市場導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟(jì)為架構(gòu)的，在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)下，消費(fèi)者在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)付費(fèi)，在很大程度上決定了什么應(yīng)該被制造出來。

　　2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

　　因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中，個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求、商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望、個(gè)人想最大化其收入效用，這三種欲望相結(jié)合，決定了什么應(yīng)該被制造出來，也決定了如何用資源來制造它們。

　　3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

　　另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導(dǎo)致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能的供給，這樣反過來又降低了價(jià)格，讓更多的消費(fèi)者購買產(chǎn)品。

　　4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

　　在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中，私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對(duì)生產(chǎn)資源的所有權(quán)，也指其他一些特定的權(quán)利，如制定一個(gè)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的權(quán)利、與另一個(gè)私人個(gè)體(經(jīng)濟(jì)單位) 自由簽定合同的權(quán)利。

　　5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.

　　同時(shí)這些計(jì)算機(jī)記錄下哪些時(shí)段是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應(yīng)地做出人員人事安排。而且計(jì)算機(jī)也能找到促銷活動(dòng)的對(duì)象顧客。

　　6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

　　從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃?xì)怆娏υO(shè)施到牛奶處理廠，不計(jì)其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，都通過使用計(jì)算機(jī)給消費(fèi)者帶來更好、更高效的服務(wù)。

　　7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

　　殘疾兒童在許多方面都與其同齡人十分不同。為了讓這些孩子在成長過程中充分發(fā)展?jié)撃埽�他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些不同。

　　8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

　　在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對(duì)殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注表明了我們社會(huì)中的一種中強(qiáng)烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

　　它(廣告)能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價(jià)格迅速分銷出去，這樣(公司)可以建立穩(wěn)固的國內(nèi)市場，同時(shí)也使提供更具有競爭力出口價(jià)格變成可能。

　　10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

　　即使議會(huì)沒有27條規(guī)范廣告的法案，任何一個(gè)正式的廣告商也都不敢推銷一種無法兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中承諾的商品。

　　1. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.

　　一些機(jī)構(gòu)終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機(jī)構(gòu)——包括教堂，倡導(dǎo)生命權(quán)利的團(tuán)體和澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)——都尖銳地抨擊這個(gè)法案，指責(zé)法案的通過過于匆忙。但是似乎大勢已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)了。

　　2. In Australia - where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part - other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia .

　　在澳大利亞，人口老齡化、延長壽命的技術(shù)、變化著的社會(huì)態(tài)度都在發(fā)揮作用。其他的州也會(huì)考慮制定類似的有關(guān)安樂死的法律。

　　3. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

　　當(dāng)然，例外是存在的。在美國，心胸狹窄的官員、粗魯?shù)牟蛷d服務(wù)員、沒有禮貌的出租車司機(jī)也并不少見。然而這樣的情況太多了，值得人們探討這些問題。

　　4. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

　　我們生活在一種藥品(藥物)的醫(yī)學(xué)用途和社會(huì)用途都很廣泛的社會(huì)里： 用一片阿司匹林止頭痛，用葡萄酒來社交，早上喝咖啡提神，抽一支煙來定神。

　　5. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

　　對(duì)藥品的依賴性首先表現(xiàn)為不斷增長的耐藥量，要想得到同樣的效果所需要的藥品劑量越來越大，然后表現(xiàn)為停止用藥后，出現(xiàn)令人不適的停藥癥狀。

　　6. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"

　　上星期參議員羅博特多爾質(zhì)問時(shí)代華納公司的高級(jí)管理人員們："難道這就是你們想要成就的事業(yè)?你們已經(jīng)出賣了自己的靈魂，但是難道你們還非要腐化我們的國家，威脅到我們的孩子們嗎?"

　　7. "The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."

　　"對(duì)任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的考驗(yàn)，"他在《華爾街雜志》的一個(gè)專欄文章中寫到，"不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見的表達(dá)，而在于這個(gè)社會(huì)是否能給予盡可能廣泛的思想自由和表達(dá)自由，無論有時(shí)這種結(jié)果是多么容易引起爭議，多么令人不快…"

　　8. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.

　　在上個(gè)月的股東大會(huì)上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中，萊文宣稱說："音樂不是社會(huì)問題的根源"，他甚至還用他的兒子作為例子。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的教師，用說唱音樂與學(xué)生們進(jìn)行溝通。

　　9. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.

　　有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如"觸動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)剎車"以"操縱經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸"，這樣貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學(xué)。沒有什么比這樣描述貨幣政策更遠(yuǎn)離事實(shí)的了。

　　10. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)英美兩國良好的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)尤其感到驚訝，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的計(jì)算方法顯示兩國的經(jīng)濟(jì)，特別是美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)，幾乎沒有生產(chǎn)淡季。

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