漢族傳統(tǒng)建筑

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　　漢族傳統(tǒng)建筑是以木結(jié)構(gòu)框架為主的建筑體系，以土、木、磚、瓦、石為主要建筑材料。傳統(tǒng)木結(jié)構(gòu)營(yíng)造技藝是古老的漢族傳統(tǒng)手工技藝，是以木材為主要建筑材料，以榫卯為木構(gòu)件的主要結(jié)合方法，以模數(shù)制為尺度設(shè)計(jì)和加工生產(chǎn)手段的建筑營(yíng)造技術(shù)體系。營(yíng)造技藝以師徒之間“言傳身教”的方式世代相傳。由這種技藝所構(gòu)建的建筑及空間體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)人對(duì)自然和宇宙的認(rèn)識(shí)，反映了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)等級(jí)制度和人際關(guān)系，影響了中國(guó)人的行為準(zhǔn)則和審美意向，凝結(jié)了古代科技智慧，展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)工匠的精湛技藝。這種營(yíng)造技藝體系延承七千年，遍及中國(guó)全境，并傳播到日本、韓國(guó)等東亞各國(guó)，是東方古代建筑技術(shù)的代表。 在2009年，由中國(guó)藝術(shù)研究院建筑研究所負(fù)責(zé)申報(bào)的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)木結(jié)構(gòu)營(yíng)造技藝入選聯(lián)合國(guó)人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

Traditional architecture of Han nationality

　　Traditional architecture of Han nationality is a construction system dominated by timber-framed structures with soil, wood, brick, tile, stone as the main building materials. As an ancient traditional craftsmanship of Han nationality, traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures is a construction technical system using wood as the main building materials, tenon-and-mortise work as the main combination method of wooden parts, and modular system as the means of scale design as well as processing and production. Construction skill is passed on from generation to generation in the manner of teaching by personal example and verbal instruction. Embodying the Chinese understanding of nature and the universe and reflecting the Chinese traditional social hierarchy and interpersonal relations, the buildings and space constructed with this technique is a condensation of the ancient wisdom of science and technology showing the superb skills of Chinese craftsmen and also affect codes of conduct and aesthetic intention of Chinese people. The construction skill system lasts for seven thousand years and is widespread in the whole China. It also spreads to other Eastern Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea and is the representative of oriental ancient architectural technique. In 2009, Chinese traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures declared by Building Research Institute of Chinese National Academy of Arts was selected as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations.

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