2019年翻譯資格考試初級(jí)筆譯模擬題：減肥藥

　　漢譯英

　　科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)研制出了一種減肥藥，它能有效地抑制食欲，導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。該藥能干擾腦中的食欲控制系統(tǒng)，并阻止脂肪組織的積聚。服藥的試驗(yàn)用小鼠減少的體重高達(dá)其體重的三分之一。在給小鼠服用被叫作C75的減肥藥之后20分鐘內(nèi)，這些小鼠失去了進(jìn)食的興趣，僅滿足于其正常進(jìn)食量的10%生存。更重要的是，該藥似乎能阻止代謝率的嚴(yán)重下降。代謝率的下降通常會(huì)引起疲勞乃至昏睡，這是以處于饑餓狀態(tài)的飲食來維持生命時(shí)所出現(xiàn)的典型現(xiàn)象。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，服用該藥的小鼠于喂給相同數(shù)量食物的小鼠相比，其體重下降了45%以上，但后者則變得比較懶怠，即以減少活動(dòng)量的方法來為“脂肪酸合酶”的一種酶結(jié)合在一起。這種酶參與了把過量的食物攝取轉(zhuǎn)化成脂肪儲(chǔ)存起來的過程。對(duì)這種酶的抑制導(dǎo)致在肝臟中產(chǎn)生一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，該物質(zhì)是預(yù)示脂肪沉積的先兆，被認(rèn)為會(huì)對(duì)腦產(chǎn)生一種的作用，從而抑制食欲。在正常情況下，當(dāng)動(dòng)物節(jié)制飲食時(shí)，一種被稱為神經(jīng)肽Y的激素就在腦的食欲控制中心急劇增加，從而刺激食欲。然而，當(dāng)給動(dòng)物服用了C75時(shí)，該激素就下降，使其失去對(duì)食物的興趣。

　　參考譯文

　　Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects. The drug interferes with appetite control and prevents the build-up of fatty tissue. Laboratory mice given the drug lost up to a third of their total body weight. Within 20 minutes of being given the drug, called C75, the mice lost interest in eating and survived apparently content on just 10 percent of the food they would normally eat. More importantly, the drug appears to prevent a serious decline in metabolic rate—causing tiredness and lethargy—which is typically associated with living on a starvation diet. As a result, mice taking the drug lost 45 percent more weight than mice fed the same amount of food, which compensate for the lack of food by becoming more sluggish. The scientists believe that C75, which they produced synthetically in the laboratory, binds to an enzyme called fatty acid synthase, which is involved in storing excess food in take as fat. Inhibiting the enzyme caused a build-up of a chemical in the liver which acts as a precursor to fat deposition. This precursor is thought to have an indirect effect on the brain, causing appetite suppression. Normally, when animals fast, a hormone called neuropeptide Y increases sharply in the appetite-control centers of the brain, stimulating the desire for food. However, when animals are given C75, levels of this hormone fall, leading to a loss of interest in food.