2018年翻譯考試英語(yǔ)筆譯初級(jí)模擬題：時(shí)間觀與空間觀

　　漢譯英

　　從整體上研究不同文化的人類學(xué)家已經(jīng)察看到了時(shí)間觀與空間觀之間的聯(lián)系。例如，正如我們所察看到的，美國(guó)人把沒(méi)有活動(dòng)的時(shí)間看作是“被浪費(fèi)了的時(shí)間”，把沒(méi)有物體的空間 看作是“被浪費(fèi)了的空間”�；羝と嗽僖淮翁峁┝擞腥さ膶�(duì)比。在英語(yǔ)中，任何表示地點(diǎn)或者空間的詞都可以單獨(dú)使用，能呈現(xiàn)出各自的特征而無(wú)需任何參照。例如，在英語(yǔ)里，可以說(shuō)： “這房間很大”或者“美國(guó)的北方冬天很寒冷”。我們無(wú)需表明“房間”或者“北方”與任何其他表空間或地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)有聯(lián)系。但在霍皮語(yǔ)里，地點(diǎn)或者空間地域的詞語(yǔ)本身不能在句子里單獨(dú) 使用。霍皮人不能單獨(dú)地使用“北方”這個(gè)詞，他們得說(shuō)“在北方”、“從北方”或者用另一種方 式給“北方”這個(gè)詞加上一個(gè)方向性的后綴。同樣地，霍皮語(yǔ)沒(méi)有一個(gè)單詞能夠被翻譯成“房 間”。霍皮語(yǔ)中的“房間”是詞干，是意思為“房屋”，“房間”或“居室”詞的一部分，但是不能單 獨(dú)使用，必須加上后綴才使這個(gè)詞表示“在房子里”或“從居室”�；羝ふZ(yǔ)中像“房間”、“居室”或“大廳”這些表示空洞空間的概念只有跟其他空間關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí)才具有意義�；羝と说倪@種空間感覺(jué)模式似乎與他們對(duì)時(shí)間的感覺(jué)模式相似。在西方文化中，各時(shí)段被認(rèn)為是時(shí)間延續(xù)過(guò)程中 的獨(dú)立片段，而在霍皮語(yǔ)中卻要將各時(shí)段連結(jié)成連續(xù)統(tǒng)一體。

　　參考譯文

　　Anthropologists studying various cultures as a whole have seen a connection in the way they view both time and space. For example, as we have seen, Americans look on time without activity as “wasted” and space without objects as “wasted.” Once again, the Hopi present an interesting contrast. In the English language, any noun for a location or a space may be used on its own and given its own characteristics without any reference being made to another location or space. For example, we can say in English: “The room is big” or “The north of the United States has cold winters.” We do not need to indicate that “room” or “north” has a relationship to any other word of space or location. But in Hopi, locations or regions of space cannot function by themselves in a sentence. The Hopi cannot say “north” by itself; they must say “in the north,” “from the north,” or in some other way use a directional suffix with the word north. In the same way, the Hopi language does not have a single word that can be translated as room. The Hopi word for room is a stem, a portion of a word, that means “house,” “room,” or “enclosed chamber,” but the stem cannot be used alone. It must be joined to a suffix that will make the word mean “in a house” or “from a chamber.” Hollow spaces like rooms, chambers, or halls in Hopi are concepts that are meaningful only in relation to other spaces. This pattern of spatial perception among the Hopi seems to be similar to their pattern of time perception, in which periods of time are not seen as separate pieces of duration, as they are in the Western cultures, but are integrated as pieces of a connected pattern.

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