2018年翻譯資格考試初級(jí)筆譯模擬題：孫子兵法

　　漢譯英

　　《孫子兵法》已有2500年歷史，被譯成許多種語(yǔ)言，流傳到世界各地，僅英文譯本就有17種之多。雖然作為冷兵器時(shí)代的一部兵書(shū)，《孫子兵法》有些內(nèi)容已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)離當(dāng)今時(shí)代，但其許多戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術(shù)思想并未隨歷史褪色，而仍熠熠生輝。美國(guó)西點(diǎn)軍校將之列為必讀經(jīng)典。

　　我發(fā)現(xiàn)，《孫子兵法》對(duì)今天中國(guó)外交、國(guó)防政策的形成亦有深刻影響。

　　《孫子兵法》開(kāi)宗明義第一句話，就是：“兵者，國(guó)之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。” 孫子還認(rèn)為， “故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城�！�

　　可見(jiàn)，《孫子兵法》盡管是一部兵書(shū)，但其指導(dǎo)思想是“慎戰(zhàn)”和“不戰(zhàn)”。這與中國(guó)古代其他先哲的觀點(diǎn)如出一轍，如老子和孟子都認(rèn)為：“兵者，兇器也。”這也就不難理解90年前為什么英國(guó)著名哲學(xué)家、思想家羅素在其著作《中國(guó)問(wèn)題》中指出：“中國(guó)歷史上雖然征戰(zhàn)連綿，但中國(guó)人天性是喜好和平的�！�

　　今天的中國(guó)，立足中國(guó)國(guó)情，順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，將維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展作為中國(guó)外交政策的宗旨。

　　中國(guó)倡導(dǎo)互信、互利、平等、協(xié)作的新安全觀，秉持積極有為的國(guó)際責(zé)任觀，奉行睦鄰友好的地區(qū)合作觀，主張世界各國(guó)一道建立持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

　　中國(guó)絕不搞侵略擴(kuò)張，永遠(yuǎn)不爭(zhēng)霸、不稱(chēng)霸，始終作維護(hù)世界和地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定的堅(jiān)定力量,中國(guó)絕不走歷史上“國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸”的老路。

　　《孫子兵法》從根本上主張不戰(zhàn)、慎戰(zhàn)，但并不懼戰(zhàn)、畏戰(zhàn)。同樣，我們講積極防御，并不是軟弱可欺，而是后發(fā)制人。后發(fā)即“人不犯我、我不犯人”，制人則是“人若犯我、我必犯人”。

　　參考譯文

　　Sometime it is called ‘Military Principles’ but the more popular translation is The Art of War.

　　This is a classical Chinese military treatise written 2,500 years ago. The book was authored by a high-ranking general called Sun Tzu.

　　The book has since been translated into many languages and read and studied around the world. It is said there are 17 English versions.

　　You might ask what relevance such an ancient book has in the high technology world of today. Some arguments in The Art of War do seem to be out of touch in the modern world.

　　But with careful study you will find that many of its strategies, tactics and thoughts are highly relevant today. The book still offers a central text of military thought for defense communities. I know that the book has been adopted as a must-read by West Point and many other military academies.

　　For China, the importance of The Art of War has spread far beyond military studies. The book has deep influence in framing China’s foreign policy and its approach to security and defense.

　　The opening line of The Art of War is:

　　“The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin.

　　Hence it is a subject of inquiry, which can on no account be neglected.”

　　Sun Tzu continued:

　　“Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy’s plan. The next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy’s forces. The next in order is to attack the enemy’s army in the field. And the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.”

　　The Art of War stands out from other military theory books. The reason is the stress on the cautious use of force and to avoid war.

　　Sun Tzu is not alone in this view.

　　Many Chinese philosophers around his time also cautioned against war. Both Lao Tzu and Mencius warned war and conflict carry big dangers.

　　There have also been thinkers outside China that support this approach. The famous British philosopher, Bertrand Russell, also observed the consistent commitment to peace of China. 90 years ago Russell wrote in his book The Problem of China that:

　　“Although there have been many wars in China, the natural outlook of the Chinese is very pacifistic.”

　　China’s commitment to an independent, peaceful foreign policy is based upon its national conditions. This reflects the needs of our time.

　　• At the heart of our policy is to build a peaceful world that provides shared prosperity for all.

　　• China does not believe in expansion or hegemony.

　　• Instead, we have always been a staunch force for world peace and regional stability.

　　• China will not repeat the errors of history, whereby ‘power leads to hegemony’. That approach has plunged the world into disaster and conflict.

　　China calls for mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation to build a peaceful world.

　　• China actively assumes its fair share of global responsibilities and seeks to shape a friendly neighborhood.

　　• We want to work with all countries and contribute to a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.

　　In essence, The Art of War talks about avoiding war and going to war with caution. But, this prudent approach does not mean fear or cowardice.

　　It is crucial that leaders around the world understand our defence strategy. They should never mistake the principles of The Art of War as a display of weakness and vulnerability.

　　China is not to launch preemptive strikes. But in case we are threatened or under attack, there should be no doubt that China will take robust action to protect its interests.

　　熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注:2018年翻譯資格考試catti三級(jí)筆譯模擬題匯總（112篇）