2018年5月翻譯資格考試三級(jí)筆譯模擬題：約翰肯﹒格貝斯

　　英譯漢

　　John Kenneth Galbraith, the iconoclastic economist, teacher and diplomat, died Saturday at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts。He was 97. Mr. Galbraith was one of the most widely read authors in the history of economics; among his 33 books was "The Affluent Society" (1958), one of those rare works that forces a nation to re-examine its values. He wrote fluidly, even on complex topics, and many of his compelling phrases — among them "the affluent society," "conventional wisdom" and "countervailing power" — became part of the language.

　　An imposing presence, lanky and angular at 6 feet 8 inches tall, Mr. Galbraith was consulted frequently by national leaders, and he gave advice freely, though it may have been ignored as often as it was taken. Mr. Galbraith clearly preferred taking issue with the conventional wisdom he distrusted.

　　Mr. Galbraith, a revered lecturer for generations of Harvard students, nonetheless always commanded attention.

　　From the 1930"s to the 1990"s Mr. Galbraith helped define the terms of the national political debate, influencing both the direction of the Democratic Party and the thinking of its leaders.

　　He tutored Adlai E. Stevenson, the Democratic nominee for president in 1952 and 1956, on Keynesian economics. He advised President John F. Kennedy (often over lobster stew at the Locke-Ober restaurant in their beloved Boston) and served as his ambassador to India. Though he eventually broke with President Lyndon B. Johnson over the war in Vietnam,he helped conceive of Mr. Johnson"s Great Society program and wrote a major presidential address that outlined its purposes. In 1968, pursuing his opposition to the war, he helped Senator Eugene J. McCarthy seek the Democratic nomination for president. In the course of his long career, he undertook a number of government assignments, including the organization of price controls in World War II and speechwriting for Presidents

　　Franklin D. Roosevelt, Kennedy and Johnson.He drew on his experiences in government to write three satirical novels. He took on the Harvard economics department with "A Tenured Professor," ridiculing, among others, a certain outspoken character who bore no small resemblance to himself.

　　At his death, Mr. Galbraith was the emeritus professor of economics at Harvard, where he had taught for most of his career. A popular lecturer, he treated economics as an aspect of society and culture rather than as an arcane discipline of numbers.

　　參考譯文：

　　反傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、教育家和外交家約翰肯﹒格貝斯于周六在馬薩諸塞州劍橋的一家醫(yī)院去世，享年 97 歲。約翰肯﹒格貝斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論著讀者眾多，他一生共著有 33 本巨作，其中 1958 年出版的《富裕社會(huì)》是推動(dòng)一個(gè)國家重新審視其價(jià)值觀的為數(shù)不多的經(jīng)典論著之一。約翰肯﹒格貝斯文筆流暢，即便是復(fù)雜話題在他筆下也能寫得行云流水。約翰肯﹒格貝斯提出的許多頗具影響力的術(shù)語，如：“富裕社會(huì)(affluent society)”，“傳統(tǒng)智慧(conventionalwisdom)”和“抗衡力(countervailing power)”，逐漸為大眾接受并成為常用語。約翰肯﹒格貝斯身高 6 英尺 8 寸，身材修長，儀表堂堂。國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人經(jīng)常向他咨詢，

　　而他則出謀劃策、暢所欲言，雖然只有近半建議終獲采納。約翰肯﹒格貝斯對于自己無法接受的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)直接提出挑戰(zhàn)，從不刻意回避。

　　約翰肯﹒格貝斯是一位德高望重的教授，一代又一代哈佛學(xué)子曾經(jīng)聆聽過他的教誨。不過，約翰肯﹒格貝斯的一言一行又總是備受關(guān)注。上世紀(jì) 30 年代至 90 年代，約翰肯﹒格貝斯曾幫助指導(dǎo)民主黨全國政治辯論，對民主黨的發(fā)展方向及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的思維方式都產(chǎn)生了重要影響。

　　曾經(jīng)代表民主黨參加 1952 年和 1956 年兩屆總統(tǒng)競選的阿德萊·史蒂文森也曾師從約翰肯﹒格貝斯學(xué)習(xí)凱恩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)理論。他還曾任美國約翰﹒肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的顧問(二人經(jīng)常在他們鐘愛的波士頓 Locke-Ober 餐廳邊吃燉龍蝦邊談?wù)��?，約翰﹒肯尼迪擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)期間，格貝斯還擔(dān)任過美國駐印度大使。

　　雖然格貝斯在越戰(zhàn)問題上與林頓·約翰遜總統(tǒng)意見相左，但還是幫助林頓·約翰遜總統(tǒng)提出了“大社會(huì)”計(jì)劃，并為其撰寫了一篇重要的演講稿，專門闡釋推行該計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)。在1968 年，反戰(zhàn)立場堅(jiān)定的格貝斯轉(zhuǎn)而幫助參議員尤金·麥卡錫參加民主黨黨內(nèi)總統(tǒng)候選人選舉。

　　在其漫長的職業(yè)生涯中，格貝斯執(zhí)行過多項(xiàng)政府要?jiǎng)?wù)，包括在二戰(zhàn)期間組織開展物價(jià)調(diào)控工作，先后為富蘭克林﹒羅斯福、肯尼迪和約翰遜總統(tǒng)擔(dān)任演講撰稿人。格貝斯還以自己的從政經(jīng)歷為藍(lán)本寫了三部頗具諷刺意味的小說。在《終身教授》中，他把矛頭直指哈佛經(jīng)濟(jì)系，在小說中塑造了一個(gè)直言不諱的人物形象，與自己十分相像，在小說中格貝斯對這個(gè)人物也是百般揶揄。

　　格貝斯職業(yè)生涯大部分時(shí)間都任教于哈佛經(jīng)濟(jì)系，生前還是該系名譽(yù)教授。格貝斯授課頗受歡迎，在他看來，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)不是一門由數(shù)字構(gòu)成的晦澀學(xué)科，而是社會(huì)和文化的組成部分。

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