【英譯漢】

　　Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature so Marx discovered the law of development of human history, the simple fact , hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc; that, therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.

　　【參考譯文】

　　正如達爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)有機自然界的發(fā)展規(guī)律一樣，馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類歷史的發(fā)展規(guī)律，即歷來繁茂蕪雜的意識形態(tài)所掩蓋著的一個簡單事實：人們首先要吃、要喝、要穿、要住，然后才能從事政治、科學、藝術(shù)、宗教等等;所以，生產(chǎn)直接與生活有關(guān)部門的物質(zhì)用品，會為一個民族或一個時代帶來一定的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，這兩者又構(gòu)成了國家制度、法律觀念、藝術(shù)以及宗教思想的基礎(chǔ)。因此，我們必須從這個方向來解釋上述種種觀念與思想，而不是依隨那一直以來的相反方向去解釋這些觀念與思想。

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