2017年翻譯資格考試初級筆譯模擬題：載人飛船

　　【漢譯英】

　　載人飛船1

　　2003年10月16日，中國第一架載人宇宙飛船安全返回地面。這標(biāo)志著中國成為繼美國和前蘇聯(lián)之后第三個(gè)成功將人類送上太空的國家。2對于中國來說，這是在航天科技上的巨大突破。

　　與無人飛船相比，載人飛船因有人類直接參與而在技木上有一些特殊要求，包括：3

　　1.環(huán)境控制

　　宇航員生活和工作的艙段要求嚴(yán)格密封，并采取環(huán)境控制措施，其主要作用是調(diào)節(jié)艙內(nèi)和太空服內(nèi)的溫度、濕度和壓力，吸收人體新陳代謝產(chǎn)物，控制艙內(nèi)有害物質(zhì)，提供氧氣、通風(fēng)、用水并處理廢物。4

　　2.應(yīng)急救生

　　載人飛船須配備各種救生裝置，在各個(gè)飛行階段可以采用各種不同的應(yīng)急救生手段。5

　　3.人工控制6

　　由人參與操縱和控制飛船，可提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性，處理預(yù)料不到的緊急情況。為此載人飛船都設(shè)有手動控制裝置和各種設(shè)備，以便于宇航員工作。

　　4.安全返回

　　為確保宇航員安全返回，除了通過隔熱層和艙內(nèi)溫度調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的溫度控制，返回過程中的過載程度也必須控制在人的耐受范圍內(nèi)，7同時(shí)，較高的落點(diǎn)精度也很重要。

　　5.高可靠性

　　載人飛船的各系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備均要進(jìn)行可靠性設(shè)計(jì)，8關(guān)鍵部件采用備份系統(tǒng)，飛船須在嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境條件下進(jìn)行地面測試和模擬飛行試驗(yàn)，以排除隱患。飛船的設(shè)計(jì)還要保證宇航員能對有故障的設(shè)備進(jìn)行必要的維修和置換。

　　從長遠(yuǎn)的觀點(diǎn)看，人類進(jìn)入外層空間，向宇宙的深度和廣度進(jìn)軍是歷史的必然。9載人航天技術(shù)的發(fā)展及其實(shí)際應(yīng)用，對國家的政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技等均有重要的影響。

　　詞匯

　　1.載人飛船manned spaceship

　　2.艙段module

　　3.新陳代謝metabolism

　　4.通風(fēng)ventilation

　　5.應(yīng)急救生emergency lifesaving

　　6.隔熱層thermal-protective coating

　　7.耐受范圍endurance capacity

　　8.落點(diǎn)精度precision of landing

　　9.備份backup

　　10.維修和置換maintenance and replacement

　　注釋

　　1.載人飛船：manned spaceship

　　2.本句的主語正是指上一句所陳述的事情，因此可以考慮合并句子。方式有多種，既可以把上一句轉(zhuǎn)換成主語短語，譯成the safe return of China's first manned spaceship on October 16，2003，與本句的謂語連接，也可以將上一句作為主句，本句譯做非限制性定語從句。

　　3.這里“與……相比”不要譯成compared with，因?yàn)槲闹胁�沒有列舉任何無人飛船的特點(diǎn)。此處譯成unlike更合適�！坝幸恍┮�求”的意思是“要符合一些要求”，因此，不要譯成“have some requirements“。

　　4.(太空)艙：module

　　太空服：spacesuit

　　新陳代謝產(chǎn)物：end products of metabolism

　　5.本句的后半句是一個(gè)漢語無人稱句，翻譯時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。

　　應(yīng)急救生：emergency lifesaving

　　救生裝置：emergency equipment

　　6.這里的“人工控制”不是指人為的或者人造的，而是指人力的，因此不要譯成artificial control，而應(yīng)譯成manual control。

　　7.本句句子較長，關(guān)鍵是對“除了通過隔熱層和艙內(nèi)溫度調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的溫度控制”這一段話的處理，可以考慮使用介詞短語和非謂語動詞形式譯成in addition to the strict temperature control by means of...

　　“返回過程中的過載程度也必須控制在人的耐受范圍內(nèi)”隱含著被動意義，翻譯的時(shí)候需要將主動態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。

　　過載：overloading

　　8.可靠性設(shè)計(jì)：reliability design

　　9.歷史的必然：historic inevitability

　　【參考譯文】

　　The Manned Spaceship

　　The safe return of China's first manned spaceship on October 16, 2003 has made China the third country in the world that has successfully sent man into space following the United States and the former Soviet Union. For China, this has been a huge breakthrough in space technology.

　　Unlike the unmanned spaceship, the manned spaceship, which involves direct participation of human beings, must meet some special technological requirements.

　　1.Environmental control

　　The modules where the astronauts work or live must be tightly sealed and implement an environmental control program to regulate the temperature, humidity and pressure in the modules and the spacesuits, absorb the end products of metabolism, handle harmful matters in the modules, and provide oxygen, ventilation and water while disposing of the waste.

　　2.Emergency lifesaving

　　The manned spaceship must be equipped with a variety of emergency equipment so that different emergency lifesaving measures can be adopted at different stages of spaceflight accordingly.

　　3.Manual control

　　Human involvement in the operation and control of the spaceship can increase the reliability of the system and help handle unpredictable emergencies; therefore, the manned spaceship is equipped with manual control devices and various apparatuses to make the job more convenient for the astronauts.

　　4.Safe return

　　To ensure the safe return of the astronauts, in addition to the strict temperature control by means of the thermal-protective coating and temperature regulation in the modules, the force of overloading during the landing process must also be restricted within man's endurance capacity.

　　Meanwhile, high precision of landing is also very important.

　　5.High reliability

　　All the systems and equipment of the manned spaceship must undergo reliability design, and the key units must have backup systems. The spaceship must pass ground test and simulated flight test under strict control of environments so as to avoid hidden perils. The design of the spaceship must also allow the astronauts to carry out maintenance and replacement in case of equipment failure.

　　From a long-term point of view, it is a historic inevitability for man to venture into the outer space and explore the universe in depth and in width. The development and application of manned spaceflight technology will have great influence on a country's politics, military affairs, economy and science and technology.