材料原文

　　The Indus basin is already one of the most affected by extreme weather events in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region with the most people killed from 1980 to 2015. These risks are likely to worsen because of dam and hydropower projects that are planned or being built. With sustained or increased water flow expected in the rivers until at least 2050, it is unlikely that planned dam projects will be reassessed. Indeed, the variation of water flows will be a boost to those in favour of large water storage projects to stabilise availability over the year. Unfortunately the history of hydropower projects in South Asian and elsewhere has been marked by a lack of regard for environmental safeguards, moreover, in India alone, indigenous communities, accounting for only 8% of the population, have accounted for 40% of those displaced by large dams, primarily because they live in mountainous regions.

　　材料原文節(jié)選自Melting Glaciers Spell More Disaster for China and South Asia。教材中的材料較長(zhǎng)，上面是從其中截取的一段，看過(guò)這段內(nèi)容，大家能猜出來(lái)這篇文章所在單元的主題是什么了嗎?

　　extreme weather、environmental safeguards等詞給了我們小提示，本單元主題是“生態(tài)環(huán)境”。對(duì)CATTI三筆真題熟悉的小伙伴肯定知道，環(huán)境保護(hù)話題是CATTI考試中的�？土�，比如2018年下半年三筆英譯漢的材料就是關(guān)于南極污染及環(huán)保措施的。所以在備考期間，環(huán)保主題下的文章應(yīng)該是小伙伴們重點(diǎn)練習(xí)的對(duì)象，練習(xí)得多了，大家應(yīng)該也能摸清文本特點(diǎn)了。這類文章一般以實(shí)際案例表明環(huán)境危機(jī)，案例中常常涉及地名，并且輔以數(shù)字進(jìn)一步客觀說(shuō)明情況。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)屬于難度中等的一類文本。

　　瀏覽原文我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這段中生詞不多，先看解決一下生詞和表達(dá)吧：

　　indigenous本地的;當(dāng)?shù)氐?土生土長(zhǎng)的

　　釋義：belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else

　　例句：Many of the indigenous insects are needed to pollinate the local plants. 需要很多種土生昆蟲(chóng)給當(dāng)?shù)刂参锸诜邸?/P>

　　在本段中該詞以短語(yǔ)形式出現(xiàn)，indigenous communities 意為“原住民社區(qū)”。

　　reassess 重新考慮;再次評(píng)價(jià)

　　釋義：to think again about sth. to decide if you need to change your opinion of it

　　例句：I will reassess the situation when I get home. 我回家之后將對(duì)情況重新評(píng)估一番。

　　另外文中還出現(xiàn)了幾處專有名詞及地名：

　　hydropower projects 水電項(xiàng)目

　　water flow 水流量

　　Indus basin 印度河流域

　　the Hindu Kush Himalayan region 興都庫(kù)什—喜馬拉雅地區(qū)

　　解決了詞匯表達(dá)，咱們就著手看看這段文章的翻譯吧~先來(lái)看第一句話：

　　The Indus basin is already one of the most affected by extreme weather events in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region with the most people killed from 1980 to 2015.

　　這個(gè)句子還是挺長(zhǎng)的哈，而且句末還有一個(gè)with引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。小伙伴們?cè)囍�把這個(gè)句子翻譯成一句話，有沒(méi)有覺(jué)得產(chǎn)出的譯文又啰嗦又不好理解?這個(gè)時(shí)候我們就該考慮斷句譯法啦：

　　把with領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語(yǔ)與句子的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行拆分后翻譯成獨(dú)立的小句。為了避免拆分之后兩句之間關(guān)聯(lián)性不強(qiáng)，我們可以增譯“其”來(lái)加強(qiáng)漢語(yǔ)譯文中兩小句之間的邏輯銜接。這樣一來(lái)就可以避免漢語(yǔ)譯文句式過(guò)長(zhǎng)、信息過(guò)多、表述繁冗不清的問(wèn)題。大家自己先翻譯，然后比對(duì)一下參考譯文：

　　參考譯文：

　　印度河流域是興都庫(kù)什—喜馬拉雅地區(qū)受極端天氣事件影響最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)之一，其1980年至2015年間死于極端天氣事件的人數(shù)也是最多的。

　　再來(lái)看一個(gè)句子：

　　These risks are likely to worsen because of dam and hydropower projects that are planned or being built.

　　大家先嘗試翻譯一下，是不是很容易就直譯成“這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很又可能會(huì)……，因?yàn)椤�…”。這樣的譯文看起來(lái)中規(guī)中矩，和原文句式結(jié)構(gòu)相仿，但是大家需要考慮到漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)句子的重心在前，而漢語(yǔ)句子的重心在后。

　　文中的“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇”作為結(jié)果顯然應(yīng)作為句子重心，放在譯文的后半部分。而且如果直譯的話，無(wú)法突出worse一詞的重要語(yǔ)義地位，并且that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也會(huì)相應(yīng)地遇到安置障礙。

　　那么該怎么處理呢?建議大家將原因狀語(yǔ)從句前置翻譯成主語(yǔ)，原句中的定語(yǔ)從句也相應(yīng)調(diào)整位置采取前置翻譯，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)義和邏輯將介詞短語(yǔ)because of省譯，這樣一來(lái)產(chǎn)出的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句就會(huì)句式清晰、言簡(jiǎn)意賅。小伙伴們快點(diǎn)根據(jù)建議自己去翻譯一下，然后再看參考譯文。

　　參考譯文：

　　而擬建或在建的大壩和水電項(xiàng)目很有可能會(huì)加劇這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　來(lái)看最后一個(gè)句子吧：

　　Unfortunately the history of hydropower projects in South Asian and elsewhere has been marked by a lack of regard for environmental safeguards.

　　此句有點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)，而且還有個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，處理起來(lái)稍顯棘手。

　　參考譯文：

　　不過(guò)遺憾的是，從南亞以及其他地區(qū)以往的水電項(xiàng)目來(lái)看，它們最明顯的特點(diǎn)就是缺少環(huán)境保障措施。

　　總結(jié)一下吧，短短一段文字，我們學(xué)到了斷句譯法、漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)不同的表達(dá)習(xí)慣、調(diào)整語(yǔ)序、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。真的是收獲滿滿呀，大家的筆記本又多了不少內(nèi)容吧。

　　最后還是我們的作業(yè)時(shí)間，大家翻譯下面這段話，完成之后對(duì)照三筆教材第五單元英譯漢部分。

　　The region, which is known as Asia's water tower, is the source of ten major rivers, including the Brahmaputra, Ganges, Indus, Mekong, Yellow River and Yangtze. The Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau is already warming at three times the global average. Since the 1970s, 15% of the ice has gone. The retreat of these glaciers will have an immediate impact on the 240 million people that live in the mountains, many of whom are critically dependent on the water from snow and ice melt. Downstream regions, which are inhabited by 1.9 billion people, will also face problems. One of the most affected basins will be the Indus, which is shared by China, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Indus River is most dependent on snow melt and glacier melt, which contribute close to 80% of its water. In comparison, the Ganges and Brahmaputra, known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in China, are mostly dependent on runoff from rainfall. As the glaciers retreat at a sharper pace, the Indus basin will have more water flowing in, but it will be less predictable.

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