2019年翻譯資格考試初級英語筆譯練習題：農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展
漢譯英
1.中國人多地少，僅有全球7%的耕地，卻有全球五分之一的人口要吃飯。
2.現(xiàn)在，中國糧食、棉艷、油菜籽、煙葉、肉類、蛋類、水產(chǎn)品、蔬菜產(chǎn)量均居世界首位。
3.這種新品種耐寒、耐旱，適合在中國北方生長。
4.2004年，糧食人均占有量為362公斤，豬牛羊肉、牛奶和水產(chǎn)品人均占有量分別為44.6公斤、17.4公斤和37.8公斤，已超過世界平均水平。
5.水栽法就是在水中栽培植物，植物需要的僅僅是土壤里所含的營養(yǎng)和水份，而這些東西不通過土壤從含水的礫石里也可以獲得。
6.農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的迅速發(fā)展，意味著以相對低廉的價格增加食物的供應(yīng)量。
7.土壤退化已成為全球農(nóng)業(yè)面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一，通常由土壤被侵蝕、化學耗竭、含水飽和度和溶質(zhì)積累引起。
8.有報道警告，受糧食、飼料和生物燃料需求擴張、能源價格上漲、土地水資源日益緊缺、以及氣候變化的影響，全球糧食供應(yīng)正面臨著壓力。
9.隨著農(nóng)業(yè)越來越依賴于市場，當市場條件對農(nóng)民有利時，新土地的開墾和新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用加速了生產(chǎn)。
10.現(xiàn)代速凍法、罐裝、存儲、包裝與銷售方法可避免農(nóng)產(chǎn)品變質(zhì)，使消費者不僅在時令季節(jié)，而且一年四季都能享用時鮮食品。
11.由于加拿大政府降低了對農(nóng)業(yè)的補貼，迫使農(nóng)戶引進經(jīng)濟效益更好的作物和通常收益較高的家畜。
12.機械化、資本額增長和合作組織成為20世紀美國農(nóng)業(yè)的特點。
13.小麥是加拿大最重要的作物。艾伯塔、馬尼托巴、薩斯喀徹溫等省份草原遍布，是全世界最大的小麥種植區(qū)之一，產(chǎn)量超過全球的五分之一。
14.最近全球多種疫情肆虞(包括瘋牛病、口蹄疫和禽流感)，生物恐怖主義威脅加重，迫使加強檢疫和生物安全政策中采納科學的低風險措施。
15.糧農(nóng)組織為促進農(nóng)村發(fā)展和實現(xiàn)糧食安全而開展工作，這是我們在聯(lián)合國系統(tǒng)總的活動范圍內(nèi)，努力實現(xiàn)社會、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境方面可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要組成部分。農(nóng)村和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展應(yīng)當成為國家和國際發(fā)展政策不可分割的部分。
16.不列顛諸島被淺海包圍，漁業(yè)資源豐富。英國捕魚業(yè)在世界上占有重要地位。
17.澳大利亞羊毛出口居世界第一，肉類第二，小麥第三;還是主要的蔗糖、奶制品、水果、棉花和水稻出口國。
18.產(chǎn)量增長的根本原因在于科學種田法，它包括培植強壯抗病雜交種子和使用機械進行耕作。
19.今天科學家更加注重環(huán)境，常常幫助小農(nóng)戶和在貧瘠土地上耕作的農(nóng)戶。
20.20年前，南亞面臨人口增長食物短缺的危機，印度和巴基斯坦啟動了“綠色革命”，引進各種高產(chǎn)小麥和水稻，采用新方法，增加優(yōu)質(zhì)化肥的使用，改進灌溉和殺蟲劑。
參考譯文
1.China is a country with a large population and less arable land. With only seven percent of the world's cultivated land, China has to feed one-fifth of the world's population.
2.Today China leads the world in the outputs of grain, cotton, rapeseed, leaf tobacco, meat, eggs, aquatic products and vegetables.
3.Cold and drought tolerant, the new variety is adaptable to north China.
4.In 2004, the amount of grain per capita was 362 kg; and that of meat (pork, beef and mutton), milk and aquatic products per capita reached 44.6kg, 17.4kg and 37.8kg respectively, exceeding the world's average level.
5.Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants in water. The nutrients and moisture needed by the plants can be obtained through gravel that contains water, just like through soil.
6.A rapid advance in agricultural productivity means increased food supplies at relatively lower prices.
7.Soil degradation emerges as one of the major challenges for global agriculture. It is induced via erosion, chemical depletion, water saturation, and solute accumulation.
8.It is warned that global food supplies are under pressure from expanding demand for food, feed, and biofuels; the rising price of energy; and increasing land and water scarcity; as well as the effects of climate change.
9.As agriculture became more dependent upon markets, the cultivation of new lands and application of new technology accelerated production when market conditions were favorable to farmers.
10.Modern methods of freezing, canning, storing, packaging and marketing farm products avoid spoilage and make it possible for consumers to enjoy perishable foods not only during the growing season but year-round.
11.The Canadian government has reduced its subsidies to the agricultural industry, making it necessary for farmers to introduce more profitable crops and more livestock production, which is generally more profitable.
12.Mechanization, increasing capitalization, and corporate organization became characteristic of American farming in the twentieth century.
13.Wheat is the single most important crop in Canada, and the Prairie Provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan form one of the greatest wheat-growing areas of the world, producing more than one-fifth of the world's supply.
14.Recent outbreaks of devastating diseases around the world (including mad cow disease, foot and mouth disease and bird flu) and concerns over bioterrorism reinforce the low-risk, science- based approach to quarantine and biosecurity policy.
15.FAO's work to promote rural development and achieve food security is integral to our efforts to attain sustainable development in its social, economic and environmental aspects, within the overarching framework of United Nations System activities. Rural and agricultural development should be an integral part of national and international development policies.
16.The British Isles are surrounded by comparatively shallow seas which are rich fishing-grounds, and the British fishing industry is one of the most important in the world.
17.Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool, the second largest exporter of meat, the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar, dairy products, fruits, cotton and rice.
18.Scientific methods of farming, including development of sturdy, disease-resistant hybrid seeds and the use of machines, are responsible for the production increase.
19.Scientists today are giving more attention to environmental concerns by helping small farmers and farmers working on barely productive lands.
20.Twenty years ago, and in the face of growing populations and food shortages in South Asia, India and Pakistan launched the " Green Revolution" by introducing highly productive varieties of wheat and rice, and employing new methods in the use of more and better chemical fertilizers, improved irrigation, and pesticides.
