2016年CATTI三級(jí)筆譯語(yǔ)法講義十

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解

　　1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣和條件句

　　條件句實(shí)際上是屬于狀語(yǔ)從句的一種,其功能可以說(shuō)是說(shuō)話人猜想、假設(shè)的一種條件.按其真實(shí)的程度來(lái)分,可以分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種.

　　e.g.: If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the sports meeting.

　　如果明天下雨,我們就推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì).(表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn),真實(shí)條件句)

　　If I were Tom, I would not refuse the money.

　　如果我是湯姆,我就不會(huì)拒絕這些錢(qián)的.(表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn),非真實(shí)條件句)

　　按照時(shí)間上的情況,虛擬條件句(非真實(shí)條件句)又可以分為現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)三種情況

　　e.g.: If I were you, I should not marry her.

　　如果我是你,我就不會(huì)和她結(jié)婚.(和現(xiàn)在情況相反)

　　If the fridge were broken, please call us to repair it.

　　如果冰箱壞了,通知我們來(lái)修.(和將來(lái)情況相反)

　　If I had been you, I should not have married her.

　　如果我以前是你,我就不會(huì)和她結(jié)婚.(和過(guò)去情況相反)

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣和從句

　　1) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句的中的使用.

　　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)important, essential, appropriate, vital, unfair, strange, natural等時(shí),主語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should一般省略.

　　e.g.: It is vital that we (should) finish the task.

　　我們完成任務(wù)很重要.

　　It is unfair that they (should) many more jobs.

　　他們得到更多的工作是不公平的.

　　2) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句的中的使用.

　　當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)decision, suggestion, requirement, idea等時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should一般省略.

　　e.g.: Our decision is that you (should) go to hospital.

　　我們的決定是你要去醫(yī)院.

　　His suggestion is that you and I (should) kill these people.

　　他的建議是你和我要?dú)⑦@些人.

　　1) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句的中的使用.

　　當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)decision, suggestion, requirement, idea,demand, resolution等時(shí),同位語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should一般省略.

　　e.g.: He gave me a resolution that man (should) be punished.

　　他給出的解決方案是男人必須受到懲罰.

　　They had demands that president (should) resign.

　　他們要求總統(tǒng)要辭職.

　　2) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句的中的使用.

　�、佼�(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)suggest,demand, advise, urge等時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should一般省略.

　　e.g.: They suggested that woman (should) be paid more money.

　　他們建議說(shuō)女人應(yīng)得更多的報(bào)酬.

　　She advised that our oral English (should) be improved.

　　她建議我們的口語(yǔ)應(yīng)該提高.

　�、趙ish后賓語(yǔ)從句的情況.

　　a. 與現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)情況相反,賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí).

　　e.g.: I wish she had a baby. 我祝愿她能有個(gè)孩子.

　　I wish they went to home. 我希望他們能到家.

　　b. 與過(guò)去情況相反,賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí).

　　e.g.: I wish that she had not been dead. 我真希望她沒(méi)死啊!

　　He wished that he had not come. 他真希望他沒(méi)來(lái)過(guò)啊!