被動語態(tài)的使用
1.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法
主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)要遵循以下的規(guī)律:"主(語)變賓(語),賓(語)變主(語),動詞變'be + done',其余部分帶下來."
*done代表各種動詞的過去分詞.
e.g.: The student broke the window yesterday.
主語 動詞 賓語 其余部分
The window was broken by the student yesterday.
主語 動詞(be done形式) 賓語 其余部分
I am carrying a box into the room. 我正在把一個箱子搬進房間.
The box is being carried by I (me) into the room. 一個箱子正在被我搬進房間.
(主語I變成by形式,賓語a box變成主語放在句首,動詞am carrying 變成is being carried形式,而其他部分into the room帶到下句,一般將by結構省略.)
2.幾種特殊句型的被動語態(tài)
�、俸须p賓語句子的被動語態(tài).
e.g.: I gave him a pen.
主語 動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語
本句有兩種變法,既可以將間接賓語變成主語(a),有可以把直接賓語變成主語(b).
a. You were given a pen. b. A pen was given to you.
注意將直接賓語變成主語,要用to來連接動詞和間接賓語(賓格形式),切不可省略.
�、诤袕秃腺e語句子的被動語態(tài).
e.g.: We elected him our president.
主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語
按照變化規(guī)律本句應變化為:
He was elected our president by we (us).
但是有些情況(如下),要用to來連接賓語補足語和動詞.
I made the door open.
The door was made to open.
*注意:在本句中make是使役動詞(包括感觀動詞),它后接不加to的不定式做賓語補足語,但是變成被動語態(tài)時要將to還原,不可省略.
She saw me walking along the street.
I was seen to being walked along the street
�、酆星閼B(tài)動詞句子的被動語態(tài).
e.g.: He need look after his mother in the hospital.
按照變化規(guī)律本句應變化為:
His mother need be looked after in the hospital.
含有情態(tài)動詞句子變被動語態(tài)的規(guī)律是:情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞原形.
④含有動詞詞組句子的被動語態(tài).
e.g.: He looked at the picture. 按照變化規(guī)律本句應變化為:
The picture was looked at by he (him).
注意:在過去分詞looked后,切記不要忘記at這個介詞,因為look at是完整的動詞詞組.
�、莺匈e語從句的被動語態(tài).
e.g.: I think that she is a nurse.
如果按照變化規(guī)律變化本句的話,賓語是一個句子,而不是詞.這時可以有以下兩種變化方法:
a. 將賓語從句中的主語看作賓語而進行變化,即:She is thought to be a nurse by I (me).
b. 將賓語從句用it這個形式主語來代替而進行變化,即:It is thought that she is a nurse by I (me).
