風(fēng)格意義類試題(共30分)

　　將下面段落譯成適應(yīng)原文風(fēng)格的漢語表達(dá)，要求不僅譯文忠實(shí)于原文，流暢無誤，而且在篇章詞語風(fēng)格上，能與原文相適應(yīng)。

　　Under some systems of law, trade terms have, at least traditionally, been used only to determine the division of costs between the parties. However, in present international custom the main purpose of trade terms is to determine at what points the seller could be said to have been delivered to the buyer.

　　Uncertainty about these obligations could be very harmful for the contracting parties. Lack of precision would almost inevitably lead to disputes, including litigation, and to a considerable increase in "overhead" expenditures in everyday operations.

　　Moreover, the parties in different countries would be very unwilling to subject themselves to the laws and practices of the other. They would probably feel secure using the laws of their own country but would find it difficult to assess the consequences of rules of interpretations used in a foreign country.

　　In order to be truly useful, trade terms should have universal application and should make explicit the obligations of both parties. This is the aim of Incoterms.

　　參考答案：

　　在某些法律制度下，貿(mào)易條款只是用來確定如何劃分雙方的費(fèi)用，至少從傳統(tǒng)上來講一直如此。不過，在當(dāng)前的國際慣例中，貿(mào)易條款的主要目的是確定賣方在哪些方面已經(jīng)履行了他的義務(wù)，因而從法律意義上來說，貨物已經(jīng)交付了買方。

　　這些義務(wù)若不明確，會對契約雙方十分有害。缺乏準(zhǔn)確性就幾乎不可避免地會導(dǎo)致糾紛，包括訴訟，并且會使日常業(yè)務(wù)的“經(jīng)營性”開支大量增加。

　　此外，處在不同國家的買賣雙方很不愿意受對方國家種種法律和習(xí)慣的制約。他們對使用本國的法律可能會感到放心，然而，他們對外國使用其規(guī)則與解釋得出的后果就難以估計(jì)了。

　　要想使貿(mào)易條款真正發(fā)揮作用，條款應(yīng)具有普遍的適用性，并應(yīng)使雙方的義務(wù)明確。這就是制定“國際貿(mào)易條款”的目的。