manage (v.) control and be in charge of管理

　　[例] to manage a sales office

　　[同義詞] administer, direct, run

　　management (n.) 1. controlling and running a business or part of a business管理

　　[例] management by objectives

　　2. group of people who control an organization管理層

　　[同義詞] executive, board, directors

　　managerial (adj.) of, relating to, or characteristic of a manager or management管理的

　　[例] managerial roles

　　mark down (v) to reduce the price of goods to encourage sales 減價(jià)

　　[例]　In the promotion campaign , the hyper-market was marking down all the prices of the goods.

　　mass media (n) ways of spreading news and information to the greatest number of people , eg by television, radio or newspapers 大眾傳媒

　　[例]　She got full financial aid to study in UBC , majoring in Mass Media.

　　mass production (n.) the manufacture of goods in large quantities, often using standardized designs and assembly-line techniques 大批量生產(chǎn)

　　[例] Mass production reduces unit cost substantially, reflecting the advantage of economy of scale.

　　master (n) an original, especially an original audio recording, from which copies can be made 原版，母帶

　　[例]　This is the master, and keep it for future reference.

　　middle management (n.) department managers中層管理者

　　senior management (n.) top managers高級(jí)經(jīng)理

　　manager (n.) person who manages an organization or part of it經(jīng)理

　　[同義詞] administrator, executive, director

　　plant manager (n.) factory manager工廠經(jīng)理

　　line manager (n.) manager who is in charge of accomplishing the basic goals of the organization生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理

　　[例] All the sales performance will be reported to your line manager monthly.

　　management accounts (n. pl) financial information (sales, costs, profits, cash-flow, etc.) prepared for managers管理帳目

　　manpower (n.) total number of workers for a certain type of work or for an area人力

　　[同義詞] worke-force

　　manpower resources (n.) manpower available人力資源

　　[例] The factory is lacking in manpower resources.

　　manual (adj.) using the hands手工的

　　[例] Manual employees are usually represented by different unions from white-collar employees.

　　[同義詞] physical, hand-operated

　　manufacture (v.) make a product using machines生產(chǎn)

　　[例] Europe has a traditional advantage in manufacturing machines.

　　[同義詞] produce, fabricate, assemble

　　manufacturer (n.) company which produces products制造商

　　manufacturing (n.) process of producing制造

　　[例] manufacturing industry

　　margin (n.) difference between sale price and cost price利潤(rùn)

　　[例] Margin leaves the space for the dealers to pursue profits.

　　gross margin difference between manufacturing cost and sale price毛利

　　net margin difference between total cost (inc. overheads) and sale price凈利

　　make-to-order (adj.) referring to products which are made after receipt of the customer’s order

　　make-to-stock (adj.) referring to products that are made before a customer order is placed; ‘off-the-shelf’

　　manning (n.) organization of workers needed for a job人員配備

　　[例] Manning refers to a specific organization of workers need for a job.

　　markup (n.) amount added to the cost price to reach the sale price加價(jià)，毛利

　　[例] the retailer’s mark-up

　　market (n.) 1. place where a product can be sold市場(chǎng)

　　[例] Our company has occupied the biggest market shares in the similar productions.

　　[同義詞] market-place, mart, bazaar

　　2. possible sales of a product銷售.

　　(v.) to sell 銷售market one’s products

　　market leader dominant company in the market市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者

　　market niche A focused, targetable part of a market

　　marketing mix (n.) combination of different marketing elements such as price, promotion, product, etc.銷售組合

　　market penetration (n.) amount a product sells in a market暢銷度